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. 2021 Oct 5;3:726936. doi: 10.3389/frph.2021.726936

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Copyright © 2021 Lingegowda, Miller, Marks, Symons, Alward, Lomax, Koti and Tayade.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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WIN 55 exposure inhibits tube formation ability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (A) Images captured shows alteration of tube formation in concentrations as low as 1 μM and near complete reduction in high doses. (B) The percentage of tube formation analysis showed a statistical significance across the board with a dose-dependent behavior. (C) Treatment with various doses of WIN 55 leads to dose-dependent increase in caspase activity in HUVECs. Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc. *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001.