Table 2.
Patients’ Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes by Inter-facility Mode of EMS Transport
| HT (n= 3424) |
GT (n=6456) |
P values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | |||
| EMS/Emergency Dept. Intubation, n(%) | 122(3.7) | 76(1.2) | <.0001 |
| Initial NTC Vital signs Mean (SD) | |||
| SBP | 133.3(30.7) | 138.4(27.2) | <.0001 |
| GCS | 13.3(3.4) | 14.4(2.0) | <.0001 |
| RR | 19.9(5.9) | 19.7(4.5) | 0.09 |
| HR | 91.8(23.5) | 88.3(19.3) | <.0001 |
| RTS | 7.4(1.2) | 7.7(0.6) | <.0001 |
| Shock (SBP <90mmHg), n(%) | 249(7.3) | 180(2.8) | <.0001 |
| TBI (GCS <10), n(%) | 417(12.5) | 229(3.7) | <.0001 |
| Overall comorbidity, n(%) | 995(29.1) | 1517(23.5) | <.0001 |
| Pulmonary Disease, n(%) | 207(6.1) | 471(7.3) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 47(1.4) | 103(1.6) | 0.39 |
| Cardiac disease, n(%) | 517(15.1) | 866(13.4) | 0.02 |
| Coagulopathy, n(%) | 95(2.8) | 112(1.7) | 0.0006 |
| Liver disease, n(%) | 29(0.9) | 38(0.6) | 0.14 |
| Chronic renal failure, n(%) | 44(1.3) | 124(1.9) | 0.02 |
| Anemia 20 peripheral hemorrhage, n(%) | 363(10.6) | 276(4.3) | <.0001 |
| Cancer, n(%) | 14(0.4) | 30(0.5) | 0.69 |
| Mean ISS (SD) | 10.5 (8.4) | 7.6 (6.1) | <0.0001 |
| ISS Group, n (%) | <.0001 | ||
| <9 | 1337(40.6) | 3518(56.4) | |
| 9-14 | 1147(34.8) | 2041(32.7) | |
| 16-24 | 562(17.1) | 526(8.4) | |
| ≥25 | 248(7.5) | 155(2.5) | |
| Multisystem injury (AIS≥1), n(%) | 1757(51.3) | 2715(42.1) | <.0001 |
| Multisystem injury (AIS≥2), n(%) | 982(28.7) | 1227(19.0) | <.0001 |
| Severe Injury (AIS>=3), n (%) | |||
| Head/Neck/Face | 912(26.6) | 1154(17.9) | <.0001 |
| Chest | 623(18.2) | 621(9.6) | <.0001 |
| Abdomen | 128(3.7) | 120(1.9) | <.0001 |
| Extremity | 370(10.8) | 718(11.1) | 0.63 |
| Mean LOS (SD) | 8.2(11.0) | 5.1(11.2) | <.0001 |
| In-hospital Mortality, n (%) | 315(9.2) | 170(2.6) | <.0001 |
| Mortality by LOS Hours,n(%) | 0.63 | ||
| <24hrs | 118(37.5) | 56(32.9) | |
| 24hrs - <48hrs | 44(14.0) | 22(12.9) | |
| 48 hrs - <72hrs | 22(7.0) | 16(9.4) | |
| 72 hrs - <2weeks | 99(31.4) | 52(30.6) | |
| 2weeks - <30days | 23(7.3) | 19(11.2) | |
| ≥30days | 9(2.9) | 5(2.9) |