Cırık 2013.

Methods	Location: Samsun, Turkey Recruitment time: December 2012 to March 2013 Sample size calculation and outcome of focus: not reported
Participants	General with N: 95 women Source: Samsun Maternity Hospital Inclusion criteria: 18 to 45 years old, presenting at hospital family planning unit for IUD insertion Exclusion criteria: lidocaine or copper allergy, uterine Mullerian anomalies, cervicitis, uterus bigger than 3 months of gestation, fibroids or polyps; had analgesic medication within 6 h of procedure or drug for cervical dilatation such as misoprostol; PID history in last 3 months; pregnancy within 6 weeks
Interventions	1) 10 ml 1% lidocaine paracervical block 2) 10 mm 0.9% saline solution, paracervical injection 3) No analgesia Timing: 5 min before IUD insertion Injections: 5 ml at 3 o'clock and 5 ml at 9 o'clock positions of cervix
Outcomes	Primary: pain score immediately after tenaculum placement, immediately after IUD insertion, and 5 min after procedure; 10‐point VAS (0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain ever felt) Secondary: side effects
Notes	IUC used: CuT 380
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Family Planning Unit providers were not blinded.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Loss to follow‐up: none