FIGURE 1.

Uniformly distributed emitters with initial density ρ ₀ = 10 emitter/pixel², k _on = 0.005/frame, k _off = 0.5/frame, k _bleach = 0.2/frame, p _miss = 0.01, photon emission rate of 1,000 photons/frame, additional Gaussian noise with σ = 0.05 pixels, and 10,000 total frames. (A) “Ideal” frame-connection solution, scale bar = 2 pixels. (B)–(E) Results for the three sub-ROIs marked with yellow squares in (A) using (B) LAP-FC with a maximum pre-clustering frame gap of five frames and a maximum separation of 5 times the localization error; (C) the hypothesis test algorithm with a maximum frame gap of five frames, a maximum separation of 1 pixel, and a level-of-significance of 0.05; (D) the classical algorithm with a maximum frame gap of 1 frame and a maximum separation of 0.2 pixels; and (E) the revised classical algorithm with a maximum frame gap of five frames and a maximum separation of 2 times the localization error. The circles in (B)–(E) are centered at the localization position with radii equal to the localization error. Green circles represent localizations from the ideal results from (A). Magenta circles represent the results of the frame-connection algorithm. White circles correspond to frame-connection results matching the ideal results.