TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the participants
| Characteristic | Normotension (no. = 128) | INH (no. = 128) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Host factors | |||
| Age, years | 54.5 ± 8.8 | 53.6 ± 8.5 | .38 |
| Female, no. (%) | 78 (60.9) | 80 (62.5) | .80 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 24.2 ± 3.1 | .22 |
| Smoking, no. (%) | 13 (10.2) | 16 (12.5) | .55 |
| Alcohol intake, no. (%) | 17 (13.3) | 20 (15.6) | .59 |
| Sleep duration, (hour) | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 8.0 ± 1.2 | .13 |
| Sleep after 23:00, no. (%) | 43 (33.6) | 43 (33.6) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 7 (5.5) | 8 (6.3) | .79 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.04 ± 0.7 | 5.09 ± 0.9 | .64 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 63.9 ± 14.2 | 63.2 ± 15.1 | .70 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.06 ± 0.78 | 5 ± 0.91 | .53 |
| 24 h SBP (mmHg) | 114.6 ± 7.8 | 121.5 ± 6.3 | <.001 |
| 24 h DBP (mmHg) | 72.1 ± 4.6 | 78.4 ± 3.3 | <.001 |
| 24 h heart rate (beats/min) | 68.9 ± 7.2 | 71.4 ± 7.1 | .007 |
| Daytime SBP (mmHg) | 121.0 ± 8.6 | 124.9 ± 6.5 | <.001 |
| Daytime DBP (mmHg) | 76.5 ± 5.6 | 80.7 ± 3.9 | <.001 |
| Daytime heart rate (beats/min) | 73.5 ± 7.9 | 75.7 ± 7.8 | .026 |
| Nighttime SBP (mmHg) | 101.8 ± 8.1 | 114.5 ± 8.3 | <.001 |
| Nighttime DBP (mmHg) | 63.3 ± 4.4 | 73.7 ± 3.9 | <.001 |
| Nighttime heart rate (beats/min) | 59.8 ± 6.8 | 62.6 ± 7.0 | .002 |
| Environmental factors | |||
| Season, no. (%) | |||
| Spring | 38 (29.7) | 34 (26.6) | .58 |
| Summer | 23 (18.0) | 34 (26.6) | .10 |
| Autumn | 43 (33.6) | 37 (28.9) | .42 |
| Winter | 24 (18.8) | 23 (18.0) | .87 |
| Daily temperature, °C | 16.7 ± 8.7 | 17.8 ± 8.5 | .29 |
| Relative humidity, % | 69.7 ± 12.2 | 66.7 ± 13.6 | .064 |
| Wind speed, Mph | 9.18 ± 2.9 | 8.68 ± 2.9 | .17 |
| Atmosphere pressure, Kpa | 101.5 ± 0.8 | 101.3 ± 0.9 | .21 |
Values are means (±SD) or number of participants (% of the column). Environmental factors refer to conditions on the day of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. p values are for the significance of the difference between the two groups.