Table 2.

Functions and applications of probiotics.

Strain	Function	Application	References
Bifidobacteria	The exopolysaccharides produced have antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and immunological activities	Used as a starter culture for fermented foods	(99)
Lactobacillus casei	Prevention or treatment of diseases that disrupt the intestinal microbiota	Dairy fermentation	(100)
Bifidobacterium adolescentis	It reduces the inflammation of spleen and brain, and changes the microbiota of cecum and colon	Medicine and clinic	(101)
Lactobacillus acidophilus	Reduces cytokines to relieve inflammatory bowel disease, alleviate cancer, modulate immunity, lower cholesterol and relieve diarrhea	Medicine and clinic	(102)
Bacillus coagulans	It can regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota, promote the metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improve immunity, and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, acid resistance, and bile resistance	Medicine and animal husbandry	(103, 104)
Bacillus subtilis	Improved growth, nutrition, immunity and disease resistance of aquatic species	Aquaculture	(105)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Has the ability to fight against pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the genitourinary tract, preventing the recurrence of urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women	Fermentation of milk, millet, fruit juice and Medicine	(106)
Lactococcus lactis	Helps improve the texture and flavor profile of fermented products, and breaks down metabolic amino acids to produce volatile flavor substances	Cheese fermentation	(107)