Table 3.

Percentage change, 95% confidence interval, and p-value range for biomarkers during Run 1 and Run 2 compared to results from Run 0.

Biomarkers	Intervention modes	Percent change (%)	95% confidence interval (CI %)		P value
			Lower limit	Upper limit
Run 1 vs. Run 0
Serum ROS	Walking	−23.69	−39.97	−3.00	0.027
	Vit. C	−9.31	−25.87	10.94	0.342
	Combined	2.73	−17.34	27.67	0.808
Urine 8–OHdG	Walking	−25.53	−41.90	−4.57	0.020
	Vit. C	−30.95	−44.18	−14.59	0.001
	Combined	−45.04	−56.20	−31.03	< 0.001
Serum TNF–α	Walking	−5.52	−15.70	5.90	0.330
	Vit. C	11.28	1.16	22.42	0.028
	Combined	9.97	−0.80	21.92	0.071
Serum IL-1β	Walking	−14.12	−31.50	7.67	0.187
	Vit. C	−12.14	−27.28	6.16	0.180
	Combined	−15.45	−31.08	3.74	0.108
Run 2 vs. Run 0
Serum ROS	Walking	−25.28	−40.07	−6.85	0.010
	Vit. C	−1.89	−18.44	18.00	0.839
	Combined	−11.88	−27.82	7.57	0.214
Urine 8–OHdG	Walking	−13.86	−32.04	9.18	0.217
	Vit. C	3.19	−15.76	26.41	0.762
	Combined	−2.15	−21.22	21.54	0.844
Serum TNF–α	Walking	1.78	−10.54	15.80	0.788
	Taking Vit. C	4.38	−6.30	16.28	0.426
	Combined	−7.83	−17.98	3.57	0.171
Serum IL-1β	Walking	−13.98	−32.23	9.19	0.216
	Vit. C	−19.32	−33.98	−1.41	0.036
	Combined	−29.17	−42.94	−12.07	0.002