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. 2022 Oct 5;10:951384. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.951384

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Time course of cognitive and motor deficits in htau mice. Htau and WT mice were tested in a battery of behavioural tests at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. (A) Free exploration during 30 min in the open field indicates increased distance travelled in htau mice compared to WT (2-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, 3 months: WT n = 17, htau n = 15; 6 months: WT n = 31, htau n = 33, 9 months: WT n = 10, htau n = 7, 12 months: WT n = 14, htau n = 10). (B) Time spent in the centre of the open field arena was increased in htau mice at 3 and 6 months old (2-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, 3 months: WT n = 17, htau n = 15; 6 months: WT n = 31, htau n = 33, 9 months: WT n = 10, htau n = 7, 12 months: WT n = 14, htau n = 10). (C) Elevated Plus Maze; htau mice showed increased preference to visit open arms at 3 and 6 months old (2-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, 3 months: WT n = 39, htau n = 42; 6 months: WT n = 60, htau n = 60, 9 months: WT n = 10, htau n = 7, 12 months: WT n = 17, htau n = 10). (D) Discrimination index (DI) in the Novel Object Recognition test associated with cognitive decline at 6 months-old until 12-month-old mice (2-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, 3 months: WT n = 39, htau n = 42; 6 months: WT n = 79, htau n = 76, 9 months: WT n = 10, htau n = 7, 12 months: WT n = 14, htau n = 18). (E) Number of falls in the rotarod test increased in htau mice from 6 months old (2-way-ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, ****p < 0.0001, 3 months: WT n = 17, htau n = 15; 6 months: WT n = 23, htau n = 22, 9 months: WT n = 10, htau n = 7, 12 months: WT n = 16, htau n = 9). (F) Maximum time spent on to the rotating treadmill, indicating motor decline in htau mice from 3 months old (2-way-ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ****p < 0.0001, 3 months: WT n = 17, htau n = 15; 6 months: WT n = 23, htau n = 22, 9 months: WT n = 10, htau n = 7, 12 months: WT n = 16, htau n = 9) Arrows indicate onset of phenotypic differences in htau mice.