Table I.
Summary demographics of nontreated vs treated infants
| Demographics | Mean (SD) or n (%) Nontreated N = 81 |
Mean (SD) or n (%) Treated N = 123 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (y) | 29.0 (5.1) | 29.6 (4.5) | .21 |
| Infant gestational age (wk) | 38.8 (1.5) | 38.9 (1.5) | .80 |
| Infant birth weight (g) | 3099 (554) | 3056 (552) | .58 |
| Cesarean delivery | 35/81 (43%) | 46/123 (37%) | .41 |
| Infant sex = male | 36/81 (44%) | 53/123 (43%) | .08 |
| Maternal opioid agonist treatment at delivery | |||
| Methadone | 37/81 (46%) | 75/123 (61%) | .08 |
| Buprenorphine | 41/81 (51%) | 43/123 (35%) | |
| None/other | 3/81 (4%) | 5/123 (4%) | |
| Dose at delivery (mg/d) | |||
| Methadone | 94.7 (42.1) | 104.5 (48.5) | .30 |
| Buprenorphine | 14.1 (6.9) | 13.8 (5.5) | .83 |
| Breastfed to any extent | 41/81 (51%) | 50/123 (41%) | .20 |
| Co-exposures in third trimester | |||
| Nicotine | 51/81 (63%) | 88/123 (72%) | .18 |
| SSRIs | 8/81 (10%) | 9/123 (7%) | .56 |
| Benzodiazepines | 10/81 (12%) | 32/123 (26%) | .03 |
| Illicit drugs∗ | 25/81 (31%) | 44/69 (64%) | <.001 |
| NAS outcomes | |||
| Primary agent | N/A | N/A | |
| Morphine | 69/123 (56%) | ||
| Methadone | 54/123 (44%) | ||
| Secondary agent | N/A | 36/123 (29%) | N/A |
| Phenobarbital | 32/123 (26%) | ||
| Clonidine | 11/123 (9%) | ||
| Length of hospital stay (d) | 7.3 (2.3) | 21.0 (8.9) | <.001 |
| Opioid treatment d | N/A | 16.3 (9.2) | N/A |
| Total mg of opioids | N/A | N/A | |
| Morphine | 20.4 (17.0) | ||
| Methadone | 7.9 (8.8) |
N/A, not applicable; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Bold values P values < .05 indicating statistical significance with alpha level set at 0.05.
∗
Illicit drugs = cocaine, fentanyl, heroin, other unprescribed opioids, unprescribed benzodiazepines.