Table III.
Association of demographic and treatment factors with AEs
| Demographics | Mean (SD) or n (%) No AEs n = 173 | Mean (SD) or n (%) AEs n = 31 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| First-line medication for NAS | |||
| Morphine (n = 69) | 58/173 (34%) | 11/31 (35%) | .38 |
| Methadone (n = 54) | 42/173 (24%) | 12/31 (39%) | |
| Length of opioid treatment (d) | |||
| (n = 123) | 16.5 (9.0) | 15.2 (10.3) | .54 |
| Total mg of morphine over hospitalization (n = 69) | 19.4 (15.7) | 23.9 (19.7) | .38 |
| Total mg of methadone over hospitalization (n = 54) | 8.0 (9.4) | 7.5 (6.8) | .88 |
| Adjunct pharmacologic therapy (n = 43) | 35/173 (20%) | 8/31 (26%) | .48 |
| Phenobarbital (n = 32) | 28/173 (16%) | 4/31 (13%) | .25 |
| Phenobarbital + methadone (n = 6) | 6/173 (3%) | 0/31 (0%) | N/A |
| Phenobarbital + morphine (n = 26) | 22/173 (13%) | 4/31 (13%) | .98 |
| Clonidine (n = 11) | 7/173 (4%) | 4/31 (13%) | .13 |
| Clonidine + methadone (n = 4) | 3/173 (2%) | 1/31 (3%) | .58 |
| Clonidine + morphine (n = 7) | 4/173 (2%) | 4/31 (13%) | .02 |
| Gestational age at delivery (wk) | 38.8 (1.4) | 39.0 (1.8) | .52 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3036 (517) | 3127 (726) | .71 |
| Maternal opioid medication∗ | |||
| Methadone (n = 112) | 101/173 (58%) | 11/31 (35%) | .01 |
| Buprenorphine (n = 84) | 64/173 (37%) | 20/31 (65%) | |
| Mean dose of maternal opioid medication (mg/d at delivery)∗ | |||
| Methadone (n = 112) | 101.3 (47.0) | 100.4 (40.2) | .95 |
| Buprenorphine (n = 84) | 13.7 (6.8) | 13.6 (5.7) | .95 |
Bold values P values < .05 indicating statistical significance with alpha level set at 0.05.
∗
The 8 infants exposed to unprescribed opioids were not included given unknown/fluctuating dose and confirmed type of opioid exposures in these cases.