Fig 7. Feeding responses of Helicoverpa armigera wild type (WT) and Gr180^−/− mutant larvae to four deterrent compounds.

(A) Control vs 10⁻² M coumarin (WT: n = 19; Gr180^−/−: n = 19). (B) Control vs 10⁻² M sinigrin (WT: n = 20; Gr180^−/−: n = 21). (C) Control vs 10⁻² M strychnine (WT: n = 17; Gr180^−/−: n = 21). (D) Control vs 10⁻³ M azadirachtin (WT: n = 9; Gr180^−/−: n = 8). Data are mean ± SEM. ** and *** indicate significant difference at the level of p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively; ns indicates no significant difference (p > 0.05).