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. 2022 Oct 19;50(12):1734–1749. doi: 10.1007/s10439-022-03094-w

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and progression. (a) The SARS-CoV-2 virus utilizes cell surface receptors and proteases to bind to the receptors on the cells. Subsequently the virus enters the cell and replicates and infects the other cells. (b) A close-up representation of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and ACE2 interface (PDB: 6LZG). The sticks represent the key residues that interact with the ACE2. Dashed lines signify hydrogen bonding and salt bridges. The S-binding footprint for SARS-CoV-2 (c; PDB: 6LZG) and SARS-CoV on ACE2 is shown in (c, d) (D; PDB: 2AJF). More atomic connections are made between SARS-CoV-2 (green) and ACE2 than SARS-CoV (magenta). (e) Maintenance of the S-binding interface of ACE2. ACE2 orthologs from various animal taxa show a significant degree of diversity in the interface for SARS-CoV-2 S binding. (f) A list of examined animals in which ACE2 can bind to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (yellow) or cannot bind to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (grey). (Adapted and modified with permission from Murgolo et al.,54 Shang et al.,33,72 and Peng et al.64).