Table 2.

Representative examples of modulation of immunological aging through major dietary bioactive factors

S. no.	Dietary factors	Reported effects	Experimental model	References
1	EGCG	Anti-SASP and anti-cellular senescence effects ex vivo	Murine macrophages	Kumar et al. (2020b)
2	Resveratrol	Suppression of inflamm-aging and oxidative stress in immune cells in vivo	Sprague-Dawley rats	Garrigue et al. (2021)
3	Lignan	Anti-immunosenescence effects in vivo	ICR mice	Li et al. (2020)
4	Carotenoids	Improved immunoglobulins profile during aging in vivo	Rats	Chen et al. (2020)
5	Polysaccharide preparations	Improved humoral immune response against influenza vaccine during aging	Clinical trial	Laue et al. (2021)
6	Polyphenol-rich diet	Anti-inflammaging effects and gut eubiosis during aging	Clinical trial	Del Bo et al. (2021)
7	Lactobacillus casei CRL 431	Anti-immunosenescence effects including on thymus	Aged mice	Balcells et al. (2022)
8	Probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila	Modulation of colonic B cell migration and inflammation	Aging Ercc1-/Δ7 mice	van der Lugt et al. (2019)
9	Synbiotic preparation	Increased proliferation and activation of CD3+ T cells	Aged mice	Sharma et al. (2019)
10	n-3 PUFAs	Increased telomere length of blood leucocytes	Clinical trial	Ali et al. (2022)
11	EPA and DHA	Anti-inflamm-aging	Clinical trial	Tan et al. (2018)
12	Vitamins C&E	Improved neutrophils and lymphocyte functional markers	Clinical trial	De la Fuente et al. (2020)
13	Zinc	Increased naïve T-cell subset	Aged mice	Wong et al. (2020)