Table 2.

Comparison of ligamentum flavum thickness and TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1α positive expression rate between the two groups (⁻x ± s).

Group	Ligamentum flavum thickness (mm)	IL-1α (%)	TGF-β1 (%)	TNF-α (%)
LSS group (n = 85)	5.55 ± 1.51	90.66 ± 8.31	75.14 ± 9.03	45.37 ± 7.15
Lumbar disc herniation group (n = 65)	2.51 ± 0.70	12.97 ± 3.78	46.20 ± 6.02	8.53 ± 3.03
t value	16.408	76.528	23.488	42.776
P value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001