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. 2022 Oct 19;7:60. doi: 10.1038/s41536-022-00256-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Representative images from histological and immunohistochemical staining from paraffin-embedded samples for both the Gel only and Gel + 3D Print conditions after 1 day, 3 weeks, and 9 weeks of culture (scale bar = 50 µm). Due to difficulty in sectioning, the images for the gel + 3D print are at a closer magnification than the gel only condition. Images include staining for PEG to assess hydrogel degradation, sGAGs (Safranin O/fast green), collagen II, and aggrecan to assess chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated cells, and collagen X to assess hypertrophy. b Total matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by the cells in the media over the course of the 9-week study. Data represent mean ± standard deviation (error bars).