Table 1.
Study participant demographics and summary table.
| Demographics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients recruited to study | 65 | |||||
| Patient sex | 48% (n = 31) male: 52% (n = 34) female | |||||
| Patient age (mean, SD) | 79.7 (SD = 8.6) | |||||
| Smoking Status | Current Smoker: 11% (n = 7) | |||||
| Ex-Smoker: 46% (n = 30) | ||||||
| Non-smoker: 43% (n = 28) | ||||||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (mean, SD) | 26.8 (SD = 3.94) | |||||
| Co-morbidities | Hypertension: 47.7% (n = 31) | |||||
| Asthma or COPD: 13.8% (n = 9) | ||||||
| Hyperlipidaemia: 13.8% (n = 9) | ||||||
| Diabetes (Type I or II): 12.3% (n = 8) | ||||||
| Nil co-morbidities declared: 16.9% (n = 11) | ||||||
| Mean Ranibizumab intravitreal injections over six, monthly follow-ups (mean, SD) | 1.94 (SD = 0.98) | |||||
| Serum Inflammatory Protein; Units | Serum Concentration (Cohort): 1st Quartile; Median; 3rd Quartile; Variance | |||||
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | 1.23 mg/L; 2.81 mg/L; 7.82 mg/L; 571.21 mg/L | |||||
| Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) | 0.098 pg/ml; 0.136 pg/ml; 0.179 pg/ml; 0.078 pg/ml | |||||
| Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) | 0.004 pg/ml; 0.010 pg/ml; 0.023 pg/ml; 0.012 pg/ml | |||||
| Interleukin-2 (IL-2) | 0.009 pg/ml; 0.017 pg/ml; 0.033 pg/ml; 0.010 pg/ml | |||||
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | 0.180 pg/ml; 0.300 pg/ml; 0.492 pg/ml; 2.723 pg/ml | |||||
| Interleukin-8 (IL-8) | 0.964 pg/ml; 1.462 pg/ml; 2.067 pg/ml; 61.87 pg/ml | |||||
| Complement Pathway Activity* | Percentage activity relative to positive control (Cohort) 1st Quartile; Median; 3rd Quartile | |||||
| Classical Complement Pathway (CP) | 95.57%; 102.2%; 117.1%; | |||||
| Alternative Complement Pathway (AP) | 89.29%; 97.27%; 115.7%; | |||||
| Gene sequencing analysis undertaken on patient cohort | ||||||
| Gene/DNA region | Reference SNP | Chromosome and Position (bp) | Major/Minor Allele | MAF | OR | Reference |
| CFH region | rs1061170 | Chr 1; 196,659,237 | T/C | 0.61 | 2.41 | 11 |
| CFI region | rs10033900 | Chr 4; 110,659,067 | C/T | 0.52 | 1.18 | 11 |
| SERPING1/C1-INH | rs2511989 | Chr 11; 57,134,901 | G/A | 0.45 | 0.63 | 15 |
| CFB | rs641153 | Chr 6; 31,914,180 | C/T | 0.05 | 0.54 | 11 |
| C2 | rs9332739 | Chr 6; 31,903,804 | G/C | 0.02 | 0.46 | 11 |
| C3 | rs2230199 | Chr 19; 6,718,387 | G/C | 0.24 | 1.53 | 11 |
SD standard deviation, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, MAF minor allele frequency, OR odds ratio of AMD.
*Measurement of classical or alternative complement pathway activity is expressed as a percentage relative to the fluorescence intensity of a positive control.