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. 2021 Oct 25;15(3):909–923. doi: 10.1007/s40617-021-00660-x

Table 3.

Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test for VCS by Mode of Instruction

Mode of Instruction Total First-Time Candidates Total First-Time Candidates Passing Expected First-Time Candidates Passing χ2 df Critical Valuefor p < 0.001 Chi-Squarep value
Campus 4,770 3,486 3043 34.5161 3 16.266 5.16742E-30
Online 18,523 11,139 11,818
Both 6,674 4,233 4,258
Hybrid 2,962 2,150 1,890
Total Number 32,929 21,009 64%