Table 2.

Clinical signs and symptoms of concussion

Symptoms	Headache, ‘pressure in the head’, neck pain, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, photophobia, phonophobia, ‘do not feel right’, fatigue, more emotional, irritability, sadness, nervous or anxious, confusion, feeling like ‘in a fog’, feeling ‘slowed down’, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering, drowsiness
Physical signs	Loss of consciousness, amnesia, neurological deficit (transient), speech disturbance, lethargy, appears dazed
Balance impairment	Gait unsteadiness
Behavioral changes	Irritability, emotional lability, personality changes
Cognitive impairment	Slowed reaction times, confusion, disorientation
Sleep/Wake disturbance	Somnolence, drowsiness