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. 2022 Oct 6;13:1016181. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181

Table 6.

Biomarker concentrations detected in throat swabs and saliva samples.

Biomarker Throat swab Saliva sponge Saliva drool pot
Asymp -Min, Max, median (n) Symp-Min, Max, median (n) P Mann Whitney Asymp -Min, Max, median (n) Symp-Min, Max, median (n) P Mann Whitney Asymp -Min, Max, median (n) Symp-Min, Max, median (n) P Mann Whitney
Calprotectin (pg/ml) 160.0, 6427.2, 1806.3 (11) 160.0, 35192.7, 3430.1 (39) 0.81 513.9, 53465.3, 4252.2 (11) 160.0, 3.52 x 108, 4730.5 (33) 0.84 4935.5, 1.76 x 108, 27097.2 (5) 1368.1, 55866.1, 5143.7 (23) 0.04
MMP8 (pg/ml) 134.67, 5337.02, 485.28 (10) 102.60, 73228.40, 900.30 (38) 0.35 597.08, 53377.10, 7245,74 (11) 615.72, 39971.70, 6263.86 (33) 0.54 13186.30, 85996.80, 18358.15 (4) 126.92, 122713.00, 13262.6 (24) 0.26
MMP9 (pg/ml) 236.43, 4035.02, 975.23 (10) 108.75, 33367.10, 1463.23 (38) 0.53 384.94, 15143.30, 3200.26 (11) 544.35, 14143.50, 4300.93 (33) 0.58 5286.25, 12655.60, 7288.20 (4) 96.02, 16240.50, 5228.25 (24) 0.32
CXCL10 (pg/ml) 0.14, 121.52, 5.82 (11) 0.14, 331.84, 0.95 (36) 0.10 0.14,14.33, 0.93 (11) 0.14,75.83, 7.53 (31) 0.31 0.14,22.21, 0.14
(5)
0.14, 127.99, 0.21
(22)
0.66
IFN b (pg/ml) 0.86,3.20, 0.86 (11) 0.86,10.90, 1.71, (36) 0.31 0.86,10.01, 0.86 (11) 0.86,25.90, 0.86(31) 0.83 0.86,3.20, 0.86 (5) 0.86,24.34, 0.86 (22) 0.73
IFN a (pg/ml) 0.15,4.58, 1.98 (11) 0.15,15.28, 2.37, (36) 0.52 0.15,10.71, 0.78 (11) 0.15,8.84, 0.78 (31) 0.93 0.155.37, 0.15(5) 0.1514.98, 1.61 (22) 0.45
IFN g (pg/ml) 0.01,44.69, 1.23 (10) 0.00, 28.87, 1.00 (38) 0.59 0.01,1.46, 0.01 (8) 0.01,14.31, 2.01 (32) 0.04 0.01,0.01,0.01 (2) 0.01,36.34, 0.96 (23) 0.17
NGAL (pg/ml) 129.00, 21691.60, 2579.06 (11) 28.69, 68311.20, 2830.32 (39) 0.60 9410.52, 97010.40, 27569.40 (11) 14.50, 51948.30, 10986.7 (33) 0.01 30675.60, 8260000.00, 488 23.80(5) 14.16, 239399.00, 15346 (24) 0.06
Elas2 (pg/ml) 32.12 14362.20, 909.50 (11) 7.03 147210.00, 1772.93(39) 0.77 62.05 50368.20, 10627.10 (11) 11.66 58211.90, 2782.35 (33) 0.11 17504.80, 125905.00, 31106.40 (5) 11.66 700515.00, 11413.06 (24) 0.17
IL17 (pg/ml) 0.131.99, 0.13(10) 0.13, 25.81, 0.13 (38) 0.91 0.13,9.92, 0.13 (8) 0.1324.17, 0.13(32) 0.81 0.13,0.13, 0.13 (2) 0.13,0.13, 28.41 (23) 0.47
IL1b (pg/ml) 2.27, 230.17, 12.70 (10) 0.05, 110.38, 4.77 (38) 0.06 0.05,25.27, 2.51 (8) 0.05,75.69, 6.10 (32) 0.19 0.05,1.57, 0.81(2) 0.05, 490.06, 7.13 (23) 0.09
IL21 (pg/ml) 0.77,22.24, 4.56 (10) 0.39,45.09, 1.35 (38) 0.03 0.3915.38, 1.93 (8) 0.39,37.08, 3.14 (32) 0.31 0.39,6.54, 3.47 (2) 0.3931.96, 2.50 (23) 0.61
IL6 (pg/ml) 0.288.76, 2.05 (10) 0.28,39.15, 2.19 (38) 0.71 0.2810.77, 0.42 (8) 0.2876.13, 2.86 (32) 0.24 0.280.28, 0.28(2) 0.28 289.56, 3.69 (23) 0.12