Table 3.
Multivariable analysis for the illness-death model based on the Akaike information criterion in patients with lung cancer
| Variable | Relapse | Death without relapse | Death after relapse | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age (yr) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.115 | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | < 0.001 | - | - |
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| Former or current smoker | - | - | 4.05 (1.95–8.39) | < 0.001 | - | - |
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| History of malignancy other than lung cancer | 1.67 (1.07–2.6) | 0.023 | - | - | - | - |
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| Location at a lower lobe | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 0.009 | 1.97 (1.17–3.32) | 0.011 | - | - |
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| Pneumonectomy (reference: lobectomy) | 1.97 (1.20–3.23) | 0.007 | 2.58 (1.26–5.28) | 0.009 | 1.84 (1.03–3.28) | 0.039 |
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| TNM stage (reference: 1A) | ||||||
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| 1B | 1.19 (0.58–2.42) | 0.632 | 2.42 (1.1–5.32) | 0.027 | - | - |
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| 2A | 2.98 (1.32–6.73) | 0.009 | 2.30 (0.71–7.44) | 0.164 | - | - |
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| 2B | 3.55 (1.80–7.01) | < 0.001 | 3.16 (1.38–7.23) | 0.007 | - | - |
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| 3A | 5.26 (2.61–10.59) | < 0.001 | 11.20 (4.61–27.21) | < 0.001 | - | - |
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| 3B or 3C | 12.06 (5.35–27.22) | < 0.001 | 16.35 (5.47–48.91) | < 0.001 | - | - |
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| Interaction of cancer type and treatment (reference: SqCC and operation only) | ||||||
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| SqCC and adjuvant therapy | 0.62 (0.29–1.32) | 0.214 | 0.10 (0.05–0.23) | < 0.001 | - | - |
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| ADC and operation only | 0.44 (0.21–0.92) | 0.029 | 0.44 (0.22–0.89) | 0.022 | 0.52 (0.33–0.83)a) | 0.006 |
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| ADC and adjuvant therapy | 1.65 (0.83–3.28) | 0.157 | 0.17 (0.07–0.40) | < 0.001 | ||
ADC, adenocarcinoma; Adjuvant therapy, adjuvant chemo- or radiation therapy; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio, SqCC, squamous cell carcinoma.
a)
HR of ADC relative to SqCC, ignoring treatment.