Table 2.
Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association of IR categories and its surrogate index with incident hypertension.
| Categories | Incident hypertension (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | P-value | RR | 95% CI | P-value | RR | 95% CI | P-value | ||
| HOMA-IR categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 198 (24.1) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 204 (25.0) | 1.10 | 0.88–1.39 | 0.400 | 1.11 | 0.88–1.41 | 0.369 | 0.98 | 0.77–1.25 | 0.870 |
| Quartile 3 | 221 (26.8) | 1.32 | 1.05–1.67 | 0.018 | 1.36 | 1.07–1.72 | 0.011 | 1.10 | 0.85–1.42 | 0.457 |
| Quartile 4 | 259 (31.6) | 1.53 | 1.22–1.91 | < 0.001 | 1.58 | 1.26–1.98 | < 0.001 | 1.19 | 0.92–1.55 | 0.188 |
| HOMA-β categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 255 (31.1) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 228 (27.8) | 0.93 | 0.75–1.16 | 0.528 | 0.95 | 0.76–1.19 | 0.659 | 0.97 | 0.77–1.22 | 0.788 |
| Quartile 3 | 201 (24.5) | 0.86 | 0.69–1.08 | 0.187 | 0.87 | 0.69–1.09 | 0.221 | 0.85 | 0.67–1.08 | 0.180 |
| Quartile 4 | 198 (24.1) | 0.88 | 0.70–1.11 | 0.278 | 0.93 | 0.74–1.17 | 0.537 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.17 | 0.489 |
| TyG categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 161 (19.8) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 207 (25.2) | 1.29 | 1.02–1.64 | 0.036 | 1.32 | 1.03–1.68 | < 0.001 | 1.15 | 0.88–1.49 | 0.310 |
| Quartile 3 | 250 (30.2) | 1.66 | 1.32–2.10 | < 0.001 | 1.67 | 1.32–2.12 | < 0.001 | 1.35 | 1.01–1.80 | 0.041 |
| Quartile 4 | 264 (32.4) | 1.74 | 1.38–2.20 | < 0.001 | 1.76 | 1.39–2.23 | < 0.001 | 1.43 | 1.00–2.06 | 0.050 |
| TG/HDL-C categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 185 (22.6) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 202 (24.8) | 1.12 | 0.88–1.41 | 0.355 | 1.13 | 0.89–1.43 | 0.310 | 0.10 | 0.75–1.28 | 0.901 |
| Quartile 3 | 252 (30.4) | 1.48 | 1.18–1.86 | 0.001 | 1.52 | 1.21–1.92 | < 0.001 | 1.62 | 1.22–2.16 | 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 243 (29.7) | 1.40 | 1.12–1.77 | 0.004 | 1.44 | 1.15–1.82 | 0.002 | 1.84 | 1.31–2.95 | < 0.001 |
| VAI categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 183 (22.4) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 211 (25.6) | 1.27 | 1.01–1.61 | 0.044 | 1.30 | 1.02–1.64 | 0.032 | 1.18 | 0.90–1.53 | 0.231 |
| Quartile 3 | 247 (30.0) | 1.65 | 1.30–2.10 | < 0.001 | 1.69 | 1.32–2.14 | 0.036 | 1.62 | 1.22–2.16 | 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 241 (29.4) | 1.53 | 1.21–1.94 | < 0.001 | 1.55 | 1.22–1.96 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 0.73–1.50 | 0.811 |
| LAP categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 148 (18.0) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 208 (25.4) | 1.53 | 1.20–1.96 | 0.001 | 1.53 | 1.19–1.96 | 0.001 | 1.39 | 1.06–1.81 | 0.016 |
| Quartile 3 | 253 (30.8) | 2.02 | 1.59–2.57 | < 0.001 | 2.03 | 1.59–2.60 | < 0.001 | 1.62 | 1.22–2.16 | 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 273 (33.3) | 2.2 | 1.67–2.69 | < 0.001 | 2.13 | 1.68–2.72 | < 0.001 | 1.84 | 1.31–2.59 | < 0.001 |
| TyG-BMI categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 142 (17.3) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 193 (23.5) | 1.49 | 1.16–1.92 | 0.002 | 1.57 | 1.22–2.03 | 0.001 | 1.47 | 1.13–1.92 | 0.003 |
| Quartile 3 | 245 (29.8) | 2.08 | 1.63–2.65 | < 0.001 | 2.12 | 1.66–2.72 | < 0.001 | 1.94 | 1.46–2.57 | < 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 302 (36.8) | 2.81 | 2.22–3.55 | < 0.001 | 2.82 | 2.22–3.59 | < 0.001 | 2.62 | 1.92–3.59 | < 0.001 |
| TyG-WC categories | ||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 124 (15.1) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Quartile 2 | 209 (25.4) | 1.78 | 1.38–2.29 | < 0.001 | 1.76 | 1.36–2.27 | < 0.001 | 1.69 | 1.29–2.23 | < 0.001 |
| Quartile 3 | 244 (29.7) | 2.09 | 1.63–2.69 | < 0.001 | 2.10 | 1.63–2.70 | < 0.001 | 1.88 | 1.40–2.53 | < 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 305 (37.2) | 2.86 | 2.24–3.64 | < 0.001 | 2.85 | 2.23–3.64 | < 0.001 | 2.44 | 1.74–3.43 | < 0.001 |
Model 1: adjusted for sex and age in 2009.
Model 2: model 1+ smoke habits, alcohol consumption, community type, married status and education years.
Model 3: model 2+ urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin A1c, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B.
HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; TyG, triglyceride and glucose; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; BMI, body mass index.
Significant values were in bold.