Table 3.
Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association of IR categories and its surrogate index with incident hypertension by gender.
| Incident hypertension | Male | Female | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
| RR | 95% CI | P-value | RR | 95% CI | P-value | RR | 95% CI | P-value | RR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| HOMA-IR categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.89 | 0.64–1.25 | 0.507 | 0.91 | 0.65–1.28 | 0.583 | 1.33 | 0.96–1.84 | 0.087 | 1.34 | 0.96–1.86 | 0.084 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.10 | 0.80–1.54 | 0.537 | 1.18 | 0.84–1.64 | 0.342 | 1.54 | 1.10–2.16 | 0.011 | 1.54 | 1.10–2.17 | 0.013 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.34 | 0.97–1.84 | 0.072 | 1.40 | 1.01–1.95 | 0.042 | 1.68 | 1.22–2.31 | 0.001 | 1.71 | 1.24–2.36 | 0.001 |
| HOMA-β categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.83 | 0.60–1.14 | 0.242 | 0.87 | 0.63–1.20 | 0.390 | 1.03 | 0.76–1.40 | 0.845 | 1.05 | 0.77–1.44 | 0.748 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.91 | 0.65–1.26 | 0.556 | 0.95 | 0.68–1.32 | 0.766 | 0.83 | 0.60–1.13 | 0.230 | 0.82 | 0.60–1.12 | 0.213 |
| Quartile 4 | 0.82 | 0.60–1.14 | 0.239 | 0.90 | 0.64–1.25 | 0.512 | 0.95 | 0.69–1.31 | 0.762 | 0.97 | 0.70–1.34 | 0.852 |
| TyG categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 1.33 | 1.12–1.58 | 0.001 | 1.22 | 0.85–1.76 | 0.278 | 1.19 | 1.01–1.40 | 0.318 | 1.34 | 0.96–1.87 | 0.087 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.77 | 1.26–2.49 | 0.001 | 1.79 | 1.27–2.53 | 0.001 | 1.41 | 1.02–1.95 | 0.038 | 1.42 | 1.02–1.98 | 0.036 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.76 | 1.26–2.45 | 0.001 | 1.77 | 1.26–2.49 | 0.001 | 1.57 | 1.12–2.20 | 0.009 | 1.62 | 1.15–2.27 | 0.006 |
| TG/HDL-C categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.89 | 0.62–1.98 | 0.503 | 0.91 | 0.63–1.32 | 0.626 | 1.27 | 0.93–1.74 | 0.130 | 1.24 | 0.91–1.70 | 0.176 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.41 | 1.01–1.98 | 0.046 | 1.51 | 1.07–2.14 | 0.019 | 1.41 | 1.03–1.93 | 0.034 | 1.40 | 1.01–1.92 | 0.042 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.32 | 0.95–1.84 | 0.103 | 1.38 | 0.98–1.95 | 0.064 | 1.31 | 0.95–1.82 | 0.101 | 1.32 | 0.95–1.83 | 0.101 |
| VAI categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 1.01 | 0.73–1.39 | 0.961 | 1.04 | 0.75–1.44 | 0.832 | 1.61 | 1.13–2.31 | 0.009 | 1.54 | 1.07–2.22 | 0.019 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.60 | 1.12–2.20 | 0.004 | 1.66 | 1.20–2.30 | 0.002 | 1.56 | 1.09–2.24 | 0.015 | 1.54 | 1.07–2.21 | 0.020 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.26 | 0.90–1.75 | 0.177 | 1.96 | 0.89–1.75 | 0.196 | 1.65 | 1.16–2.35 | 0.006 | 2.65 | 1.65–2.36 | 0.007 |
| LAP categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 1.52 | 1.10–2.12 | 0.012 | 1.54 | 1.10–2.16 | 0.012 | 1.50 | 1.03–2.18 | 0.034 | 1.46 | 1.00–2.13 | 0.051 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.93 | 1.39–2.67 | < 0.001 | 1.89 | 1.35–2.64 | < 0.001 | 1.96 | 1.36–2.82 | < 0.001 | 1.97 | 1.36–2.84 | < 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.84 | 1.33–2.54 | < 0.001 | 1.79 | 1.28–2.51 | 0.001 | 2.28 | 1.58–3.29 | < 0.001 | 2.28 | 1.57–3.30 | < 0.001 |
| TyG-BMI categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 1.35 | 0.94–1.94 | 0.100 | 1.41 | 0.97–2.03 | 0.070 | 1.61 | 1.13–2.28 | 0.008 | 1.69 | 1.18–2.41 | 0.004 |
| Quartile 3 | 2.03 | 1.44–2.86 | < 0.001 | 1.98 | 1.39–2.80 | < 0.001 | 2.02 | 1.43–2.86 | < 0.001 | 2.13 | 1.49–3.03 | < 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 2.69 | 1.92–3.76 | < 0.001 | 2.56 | 1.80–3.64 | < 0.001 | 2.79 | 1.99–3.90 | < 0.001 | 2.82 | 2.01–3.97 | < 0.001 |
| TyG-WC categories | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 1.74 | 1.19–2.54 | 0.04 | 1.70 | 1.21–2.41 | 0.002 | 1.73 | 1.23–2.44 | 0.002 | 1.68 | 1.15–2.48 | 0.008 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.88 | 1.29–2.73 | 0.001 | 1.81 | 1.23–2.65 | 0.002 | 2.25 | 1.60–3.15 | < 0.001 | 2.21 | 1.56–3.12 | < 0.001 |
| Quartile 4 | 2.63 | 1.85–3.74 | < 0.001 | 2.53 | 1.76–3.62 | < 0.001 | 2.81 | 1.99–3.98 | < 0.001 | 2.91 | 2.05–4.14 | < 0.001 |
Model 1: adjusted for age in 2009.
Model 2: model 1+ smoke habits, alcohol consumption, community type, married status and education years.
HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; TyG, triglyceride and glucose; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; BMI, body mass index.
Significant values were in bold.