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Increases in plasma cortisol concentrations of (A) all; (B) male and female piglets of the three treatment groups DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation in a group with littermates) and C (control, no deprivation) during the open-field/novel-object test. Results are presented as LSM ± SE. Significant differences are marked with asterisks (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Tukey-Kramer test; n = 25–30 per treatment group and sex).
