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. 2022 Oct 6;16:980350. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.980350

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Copyright © 2022 Gimsa, Brückmann, Tuchscherer, Tuchscherer and Kanitz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Behavior in the open-field/novel-object test. Latency (A), number (B), and duration (C) of locomotion; Latency (D), number (E), and duration (F) of contact to the novel object; latency (G), and number (H) of vocalizations during OF/NO test in the three treatment groups DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation in a group with littermates), and C (control, no deprivation). Results are presented as LSM ± SE. Significant differences (Tukey-Kramer test) are indicated with asterisks (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; PND 16: n = 52–55; PND 40: n = 24–33 per treatment group).