TABLE 3.

Cortisol concentrations and immunological parameters in the blood of piglets.

	Treatment group			P-values (F-test)
Parameter	DA	DG	K	Treatment	Sex	Treatment × sex
Cortisol (ng/ml)
PND 5	33.53 ± 3.21	33.34 ± 3.22	26.46 ± 3.15	0.234	0.725	0.155
PND 16	22.78 ± 3.04	23.09 ± 3.08	17.29 ± 3.01	0.360	0.084	0.265
IgA (ng/ml)
PND 5	2.23 ± 0.32	2.07 ± 0.32	2.02 ± 0.32	0.637	0.695	0.881
PND 16	0.12 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.02	0.229	0.226	0.451
N/L ratio
PND 5	2.05 ± 0.18	1.97 ± 0.18	2.11 ± 0.18	0.835	0.900	0.925
PND 16	0.82 ± 0.24	0.79 ± 0.24	0.99 ± 0.24	0.818	0.764	0.147

Results are presented as LSM ± SE of the three treatment groups DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation in a group with littermates), C (controls, no deprivation), and the p-values of the F-test. n = 50–55 per treatment group for cortisol and IgA; n = 40 per treatment group for neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio.