. 2022 Oct 6;16:980350. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.980350

TABLE 4.

Relative mRNA expression of HPA-related parameters in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and PFC of piglets of the different treatment groups.

	Treatment group			P-values (F-test)
Parameter	DA	DG	C	Treatment	Sex	Treatment × sex
Hypothalamus
MR	1.01 ± 0.11	0.90 ± 0.11	0.89 ± 0.11	0.687	0.352	0.487
GR	1.05 ± 0.14	1.10 ± 0.14	1.27 ± 0.14	0.523	0.055	0.087
MR/GR ratio	1.22 ± 0.17	1.02 ± 0.17	0.75 ± 0.17	0.182	0.829	0.284
CRHR1	1.21 ± 0.11^a	0.81 ± 0.11^b	1.02 ± 0.11	<0.01	0.567	<0.05
CRHR2	1.27 ± 0.14	1.07 ± 0.14	1.11 ± 0.14	0.551	0.495	0.250
AVPR1A	1.21 ± 0.16	1.42 ± 0.16	1.12 ± 0.16	0.437	0.552	0.378
OXTR	0.97 ± 0.21	1.29 ± 0.21	1.27 ± 0.21	0.472	0.697	0.715
Amygdala
MR	1.05 ± 0.15	0.82 ± 0.15	1.24 ± 0.15	0.078	0.297	0.162
GR	0.89 ± 0.10	0.96 ± 0.10	0.85 ± 0.10	0.721	0.866	0.428
MR/GR ratio	1.26 ± 0.35	1.35 ± 0.36	1.78 ± 0.35	0.580	0.070	0.704
CRHR1	1.09 ± 0.13	0.82 ± 0.13	1.16 ± 0.13	0.122	0.645	0.290
CRHR2	1.22 ± 0.18	0.99 ± 0.18	1.20 ± 0.18	0.474	0.568	0.157
AVPR1A	1.11 ± 0.16	1.04 ± 0.16	1.12 ± 0.16	0.882	0.134	0.379
OXTR	1.09 ± 0.11	0.87 ± 0.11	0.79 ± 0.11	0.127	0.428	0.658
Hippocampus
MR	1.00 ± 0.09^a	0.65 ± 0.09^b	0.79 ± 0.09	<0.01	0.452	0.248
GR	0.93 ± 0.08	0.99 ± 0.08	0.92 ± 0.08	0.823	0.358	0.293
MR/GR ratio	1.32 ± 0.14	0.93 ± 0.15	0.93 ± 0.14	0.108	0.117	0.304
AVPR1A	1.37 ± 0.28	1.90 ± 0.29	1.69 ± 0.28	0.315	0.566	0.529
OXTR	1.24 ± 0.15	1.31 ± 0.15	1.28 ± 0.15	0.946	0.250	0.596
BDNF	1.13 ± 0.13	1.54 ± 0.13	1.38 ± 0.13	0.100	<0.05	0.914
PFC
MR	0.62 ± 0.05^c	0.64 ± 0.05^c	1.12 ± 0.05^d	<0.001	<0.01	<0.001
GR	0.54 ± 0.04^c	0.54 ± 0.04^c	0.98 ± 0.04^d	<0.001	<0.05	<0.001
MR/GR ratio	1.23 ± 0.08	1.29 ± 0.08	1.17 ± 0.08	0.507	0.954	0.083
CRHR1	0.66 ± 0.05^c	0.66 ± 0.05^c	1.01 ± 0.05^d	<0.001	0.067	0.067
CRHR2	0.70 ± 0.10	0.67 ± 0.10	1.02 ± 0.10	0.070	0.377	0.724
AVPR1A	1.05 ± 0.14	1.05 ± 0.14	1.31 ± 0.14	0.350	0.738	0.277
OXTR	0.93 ± 0.06	0.85 ± 0.06	1.00 ± 0.06	0.184	<0.05	0.212

DA (deprivation alone), DG (deprivation with a group of littermates), and C (control, no deprivation); MR (mineralocorticoid receptor; NR3C2), GR (glucocorticoid receptor; NR3C1), CRHR1/CRHR2 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1/2), AVPR1A (arginine vasopressin receptor 1A), OXTR (oxytocin receptor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Data are presented as LSM ± SE. Within a row, significant differences are indicated by different superscript letters (^a,bp < 0.01; ^c,dp<0.001; Tukey-Kramer test; n = 20 pigs/treatment). Bold numbers highlight significant differences.