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. 2022 Oct 6;13:980942. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.980942

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Copyright © 2022 Fu, Vasileva, Hanafi, Belousova, Wu, Rajyam, Ryan, Hantos and Chow.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative respiratory impedance (Zrs) plots from a CLAD-free (A), BOS (B) and RAS (C) subjects. Mean Zrs data vs. frequency (left), intrabreath Zrs data vs. volume (middle) and flow (right). Resistance and reactance data are plotted in black and red, respectively. Arrows indicate the inspiratory directions in the intrabreath loops, wherever the looping is significant. R5 and R19, resistance at 5 and 19 Hz, respectively; eE, end expiration; eI, end inspiration; AX, reactance area between 5 Hz and resonance frequency.