Table 2. Moderator Analysis by Age, Sex, Sample Size, Region, Randomization, Type of ECT Treatment, and Presence of Psychotic Features Using Meta-Regression Analysesa.
| Moderator | k | Coefficient (95% CI) | SMD (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of total patients | 6 | 0.002 (−0.003 to 0.006) | .51b | |
| Age | 6 | 0.018 (−0.030 to 0.066) | .47b | |
| Male sex (%) | 6 | −4.490 (−4.687 to 1.708) | .36b | |
| Region | .25c | |||
| Asia/Middle East | 4 | NA | −0.839 (−1.171 to −0.507) | |
| Europe | 2 | NA | −0.589 (−0.850 to −0.327) | |
| Randomization | .86c | |||
| Yes | 5 | NA | −0.692 (−0.912 to −0.472) | |
| No | 1 | NA | −0.636 (−1.211 to −0.061) | |
| Type of ECT | .12c | |||
| Right unilateral | 2 | NA | −0.589 (−0.850 to −0.327) | |
| Bilateral | 3 | NA | −0.655 (−1.048 to −0.262) | |
| Mixed | 2 | NA | −1.297 (−1.916 to −0.677) | |
| Psychotic features | .78c | |||
| Yes | 2 | NA | −0.709 (−0.974 to −0.443) | |
| No | 4 | NA | −0.649 (−0.974 to −0.324) |
Abbreviations: ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; k, number of effect sizes; NA, not applicable; SMD, standardized mean difference (Hedges g).
a
Coefficient refers to the meta-regression coefficient. A restricted maximum likelihood was used.
b
Continuous moderators.
c
Categorical moderators.