Figure 15.

DECIMER and STOUT

A framework for translating images or strings to Smiles. Experiments show that the application of Selfies as an intermediate representation improves the results, which indicates that ML models find it easier to read and write Selfies compared with Smiles. These indications are surprising because it is not clear how the model exploits Selfies’s robustness to improve results. Image from Rajan et al.^166,167