Table 2.
High-risk family characteristics and relative risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and learning disability (LD) diagnosis (N = 19,185).
| ADHD | ID | LD | ASD | M-CHAT ≧14 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| No. of high-risk family characteristics met | ||||||
| 1 | 2,070 (10.8) |
2.21 (1.53–3.18) |
2.24 (1.80–2.79) |
2.36 (1.77–3.14) |
2.05 (1.20–3.49) |
4.89 (1.77–3.14) |
| 2 | 309 (1.6) |
2.17 (0.95–4.93) |
2.75 (1.75–4.33) |
3.81 (2.27–6.39) |
2.22 (0.70–7.06) |
5.88 (2.10–16.50) |
| 3 | 64 (0.3) |
5.36 (1.66–17.23) |
4.56 (2.07–10.06) |
3.31 (1.03–10.61) |
— | — |
| Parents unmarried | 610 (3.2) |
2.87 (1.68–4.89) |
2.03 (1.40–2.95) |
1.60 (0.93–2.75) |
1.49 (0.54–4.07) |
2.13 (0.66–6.89) |
| Parents unemployed | 721 (3.8) |
1.71 (0.92–3.16) |
2.00 (1.42–2.84) |
2.08 (1.33–3.27) |
1.59 (0.64–3.92) |
3.14 (1.24–7.96) |
| Parents have no social insurance | 65 (0.3) |
1.68 (0.23–12.19) |
1.17 (0.29–4.79) |
3.26 (1.02–10.43) |
— | — |
| Parents perceive a very heavy economic childcare burden | 670 (3.5) |
2.21 (1.25–3.92) |
3.03 (2.23–4.12) |
3.25 (2.20–4.81) |
2.08 (0.91–4.79) |
6.80 (3.27–14.15) |
| Parent has disability certification | 384 (2.0) |
1.73 (0.76–3.93) |
1.95 (1.22–3.12) |
2.61 (1.51–4.51) |
3.05 (1.23–7.57) |
4.70 (1.68–13.18) |
OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval.