TABLE 1.

Different equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and RCV equation.

MDRD (37)	GFR = 175x(Cr)−1.154x(Age)−0.203x0.742 (if female)x1.212(if African American)
		Serum creatinine mg/dl
	female	≤0.7	GFR = 144 × (Cr/0.7)−0.329 × (0.993)Age
CKD-EPI (38)		>0.7	GFR = 144 × (Cr/0.7)−1.209 × (0.993)Age
	male	≤0.9	GFR = 144 × (Cr/0.9)−0.411 × (0.993)Age
		>0.9	GFR = 144 × (Cr/0.9)−1.209 × (0.993)Age
	$\mathrm{\sigma }=\sqrt{ln({(C{V}_I+C{V}_A)}^2+1)}$
RCV (15)	${\text{RCV}}_{pos}(\%)=100\%\times [exp(z\times \sqrt{2}\times \mathrm{\sigma })-1]$
	$RC{V}_{\text{neg}}(\%)=100\%\times [exp(z\times \sqrt{2}\times \mathrm{\sigma })-1]$

Z is the number of standard deviations corresponding to the desired significance level for detecting differences. For a 5% significance level, we used 1.96 as the appropriate Z-score for bidirectional change.