Table 2.

Risk of bias (ROBIS) assessment results

	Study eligibility criteria	Identification and selection of studies	Data collection and study appraisal	Synthesis and findings	Risk of bias in the review
Adiewere 2018 [13]	High	Unclear	Unclear	High	High
Ahmad Sharoni (2016) [29]	High	High	Unclear	High	High
Ahmed (2020) [38]	High	High	High	High	High
Alkahoon (2020) [25]	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Arad (2011) [18]	High	High	Unclear	High	High
Binning (2019) [27]	Unclear	Low	High	Low	High
Blanchette (2020) [39]	Unclear	Low	Low	High	High
Bus (2015) [32]	Low	Unclear	High	High	High
Collings (2020) [40]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	High
Crawford (2020) [14]	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear
Dorresteijn (2014) [15]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Dy (2018) [41]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear
Ena (2020) [26]	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear
Hazenberg (2019) [42]	High	High	High	High	High
He (2013) [17]	Unclear	High	Unclear	High	High
Healy (2013) [34]	Low	High	Unclear	Low	High
Heuch (2016) [28]	High	High	Unclear	High	High
Hoogeveen (2015) [16]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Kaltenthaler (1998) [22]	High	High	Unclear	Unclear	High
McGloin (2021) [24]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Mason (1999) [21]	High	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High
Matos (2018) [44]	High	High	Low	High	High
Maciejewski (2004) [36]	Unclear	High	Unclear	Low	High
Mayfield (2000) [37]	High	High	High	High	High
O’Meara (2000) [19]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Norman (2020) [23]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Paton (2011) [35]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	High
Da Silva (2020) [43]	High	High	High	High	High
Spencer (2000) [20]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
van Netten (2020) [30]	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear