Table 7.
Function of CDK3 based on cell line studies
| Tumor type | Targets/ Regulators and Signaling Pathways | Cell line | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | miR-4469/CDK3 axis and Wnt/β-catenin pathway | HEK293T, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and BT549 |
↑↑ CDK3: ↓ metastasis, migration and invasion via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway CDK3 is a target of miR-4469 |
[181] |
| miR-873/CDK3 axis | MCF-7, ZR75-1, T47D and MCF-7/TamR |
NCTD treatment: ↑ sensitivity to tamoxifen, ↓ proliferation and tumor growth via miR-873/CDK3 axis NCTD was found to regulate ERα signaling by miR-873/CDK3 |
[182] | |
| HuR, CDK3 | MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 |
∆ HuR: ↓ CDK3 expression, ↓ proliferation, chemoresistance and ↑ apoptosis HuR increased proliferation and survival through stabilizing CDK3 transcripts |
[187] | |
| miR-125a-3p/CDK3 | MCF-7, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-23 | ↑↑ miR-125a-3p: ↓ transcriptional activity of ERα, ↓ proliferation of ER + cells, and ↑ apoptosis and G1/S cell-cycle arrest via targeting CDK3 | [183] | |
| miR-873/CDK3 axis |
CF-7, ZR75-1, T47D, SKBR3, MDA- MB-231 and HEK293T |
↑↑ miR-873: ↓ proliferation and ER activity via targeting CDK3 | [184] | |
| CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs, CDK3 | MCF-7 | ↑↑ CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs: ↓ tamoxifen resistance via targeting CDK3 | [188] | |
| Colorectal cancer | Cdk3/c-Jun | HEK293, HT29, SW620, HCT116, SW480 and HCoEpiC |
↑↑ CDK3: ↑ metastasis, motility and invasion via EMT process Cdk3-phosphorylated c-Jun increased AP-1 activity |
[185] |
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | circRNA_141539/miR-4469/CDK3 axis | Kyse410, Kyse510, EC9706, ECA109 TE7 and Het-1A | ↑↑ circRNA_141539: ↑ proliferation and invasion via regulating miR-4469/CDK3 axis | [186] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | miR-214, E2F2, CDK3 and CDK6 | THLE3, QGY-7701, QGY-7703, HCC-9810, SMMC-7721, Hep3B, PLC/PRF5, Hep3B, QGY-7703, Bel-7402, Bel-7404, MHCC97L, MHCC97H, HCCLM3 and HCCLM6 | ↑↑ miR-214: ↓ proliferation and G1-S cell cycle arrest via targeting E2F2, CDK3 and CDK6 | [189] |
| Leukemia | CDK3 | HL-60, NB4, K562 and KG1 | Benfotiamine:: ↓ proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest via targeting CDK3 | [190] |
| Lung cancer | HuR and miR-873/CDK3 and miR-125a-3p/CDK3 axis | A549 cells |
↑↑ HuR: ↑ CDK3 levels, via increasing CDK3 mRNA stability and expression, thus increased stemness CDK3 was found to be a target of miR-873 and miR-125a-3p |
[191] |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | CDK3 | 5-8F, CNE1, CNE2, and NP-69 | CDK3 was increased in CNE1, CNE2 and 5–8F NPC cell lines | [192] |
| Skin cancer | CDK3 and NFAT3 | HEK293, T98G, HaCaT, A431, A375, G361, SK-MEL-5, and SK-MEL-28 |
CDK3 phosphorylated NFAT3 at serine 259 by interacting with NFAT3, thus increased the transactivation and transcriptional activity of NFAT3 CDK3-mediated phosphorylation of NFAT3 showed a significant role in skin cancer |
[193] |
EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition, NCTD Norcantharidin, ∆ knock-down or deletion