Table 2. The Effect of Honey, CCMS, and Fatalities in Treating Pediatric Coughs ‎.

RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections; CMs: Cough and Cold Medications

Author and Year of Publication	purpose	Drug/ Intervention	Number of patient/Studies	Type of Study	Result/ Conclusion
Abuelgasim et al. 2021 [13]	To evaluate the efficacy of honey in relieving URTI	Honey	14 studies  In adult and pediatrics (eight out of 14 studies were in pediatrics)	Systematic review and meta-analysis	Honey was effective in relieving URTI symptoms
Oduwole et al. 2018 [18]	To review the impact of honey on treating children with acute cough in ambulatory settings	Honey	Six studies In 12 months to 18 years	Systematic review and meta-analysis	Honey reduced the cough
Seçilmiş et al. 2020 [14]	To find improvement in treating of bacterial and viral infections in children with URTI	Mixture, placebo, antibiotic + mixture, antibiotic alone	104 children in five‒12 years	RCT	The bee products were effective in treating symptomatic URTI
Carnevali et al. 2021 [5]	To determine Effectiveness and safety of KalobaTUSS® in cough treatment	KalobaTUSS® which contain acacia honey	106 children  in three to six years	RCT	KalobaTUSS® decreased cough in children
Halmo et al. 2021 [19]	To report fatalities among children who exposed to CCMs	CCMs	180 eligible fatalities in Children <12 years	Observational Study	40 out of 180 were considered related to CCMs
Green et al. 2017 [20]	To represent the CCMs safety profile in children	CCMs	3251 cases in children <12 years	Observational Study	Adverse events following the CCMs were minute in children
Jurca et al. 2017 [21]	To find cough prevalence among children	questionnaires	7670 children in 12 months to 18 years	Observational Study	69% of coughs are related to cold. Cough is most common in males during the first ten years
Chua et al. 2021 [22]	To evaluate Safety Communications, relate to a prescription change of ‎Codeine or ‎Hydrocodone ‎ CCMs in ‎Children and ‎Adolescents	Codeine or Hydrocodone CCMs	1145357 prescriptions in children 0 -17 years	Cross-Sectional Study	The Codeine and Hydrocodone ‎CCMs prescription ‎decreased between ‎‎2014 to 2019‎
Burns et al. 2021 [12]	To assess fatality behind the CCMs in children	surveillance system	Fatality in children <12 years in 2008-2016 and most in children <2 years for a non-medical purpose [18].	Research Article Without Clear Method Section	CCMs were related to > 40% of fatalities [18].
Van Driel et al. 2018 [23]	To seek information related to effective treatment of common cold to children and adults	-	-	Research Article Without Clear Method Section	The evidence of using saline drops was low in the Cochrane review and could be safe in young children [22].
DeGeorge et al. 2019 [4]	To guide the common cold treatment in children and adults	-	-	Research Article Without Clear Method Section	The safety of honey to treat children one year and older for common cold
Palmu et al. 2022 [6]	To show a significant decrease in the prescription of cough medicine in children	Followed Prescription of cough medicine in the electronic health record from 2014 to 2020 [23-24].	In children 0–15 years [23-24].	Research Article Without Clear Method Section	There was a significant decline in the prescription of cough medicine in children [24].
Korppi 2021 [1]	To recommend not using CCMs in children	-	-	Research Article Without Clear Method Section	Honey effectively treated cough in children >12 months [17].