Table 1. Overview for Supramolecular Polymerization Strategies within the Cellular Space.

monomer	activation process/stimulus	location of self-assembly	nanostructure	application	ref
aromatic macrocycle	multistep	cytoplasm	nanoparticles	imaging of enzymatic activity	(47,57,66)
	(1) enzymatic cleavage		nanoaggregates
	(2) pH
	(3) reductive environment (GSH)
peptide (FF motif)	enzymatic dephosphorylation	endoplasmic reticulum	nanofibers	inducing apoptosis of cancer cells	(62)
		mitochondria	nanoaggregates
peptide	(1) enzyme-catalyzed polymerization	cytoplasm	nanoparticles	inducing apoptosis of cancer cells	(44)
	(2) temperature		random coil
			hydrogel
polymer–peptide conjugate	enzymatic cleavage of peptide	cytoplasm	nanoaggregates	imaging of enzymatic activity	(67)
poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monomer	light-induced polymerization	cytoplasm	hydrogel	cell fixation	(61)
oligothiophenes	temperature	cytoplasm	nanoaggregates	intracellular imaging	(3)
		mitochondria
oligothiophenes		cytoplasm	fluorescent collagen fibrils	intracellular imaging	(50)
isopeptide	multistep intramolecular rearrangement	cytoplasm	nanofibers	disrupting cellular metabolism and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells	(1,2)
	(1) pH
	(2) hydrogen peroxide
peptide	immobilizing peptides onto target proteins	cell membrane	nanofibers	promote the activation of T cells and improve T-cell-mediated tumor cytolysis	(63)