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Abundance of biphenyl dioxygenase (bphA) genes in bioaugmented reactors over the 35-day incubation period (gene copies/mL slurry). The bphA abundance in the saponin-free treatment dropped 3 orders of magnitude after 11 days, whereas the saponin-amended treatment remained level until 16 days. The error bars represent standard error of six replicates (n = 6). Symbols obscure the error bars where they are not visible.
