Table 1.
Patient's demographics, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies.
| Characteristics | Overall | Training group | Validation group | P a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 19,887 | 15,881 | 4,006 | |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 68.46 (11.05) | 68.44 (11.06) | 68.53 (11.00) | 0.674 |
| Primary site (%) | 0.457 | |||
| Main bronchus | 1,001 (5.0) | 810 (5.1) | 191 (4.8) | |
| Upper lobe | 9,538 (48.0) | 7,560 (47.6) | 1,978 (49.4) | |
| Middle lobe | 784 (3.9) | 624 (3.9) | 160 (4.0) | |
| Lower lobe | 4,888 (24.6) | 3,928 (24.7) | 960 (24.0) | |
| Overlapping lesion | 195 (1.0) | 159 (1.0) | 36 (0.9) | |
| Lung, NOS | 3,481 (17.5) | 2,800 (17.6) | 681 (17.0) | |
| Histology (%) | 0.157 | |||
| Unspecified neoplasms | 760 (3.8) | 596 (3.8) | 164 (4.1) | |
| Epithelial neoplasms, NOS | 5,985 (30.1) | 4,753 (29.9) | 1,232 (30.8) | |
| Squamous cell neoplasms | 2,444 (12.3) | 1,952 (12.3) | 492 (12.3) | |
| Adenomas and adenocarcinomas | 10,155 (51.1) | 8,126 (51.2) | 2,029 (50.6) | |
| Others | 543 (2.7) | 454 (2.9) | 89 (2.2) | |
| Race (%) | 0.364 | |||
| Black | 2,287 (11.5) | 1,805 (11.4) | 482 (12.0) | |
| Othersb | 1,873 (9.4) | 1,517 (9.6) | 356 (8.9) | |
| Unknown | 21 (0.1) | 18 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | |
| White | 15,706 (79.0) | 12,541 (79.0) | 3,165 (79.0) | |
| Sex (%) | 0.515 | |||
| Female | 8,756 (44.0) | 7,011 (44.1) | 1,745 (43.6) | |
| Male | 11,131 (56.0) | 8,870 (55.9) | 2,261 (56.4) | |
| T stage (%) | 0.659 | |||
| T0 | 159 (0.8) | 130 (0.8) | 29 (0.7) | |
| T1 | 1,979 (10.0) | 1,557 (9.8) | 422 (10.5) | |
| T2 | 4,313 (21.7) | 3,435 (21.6) | 878 (21.9) | |
| T3 | 4,361 (21.9) | 3,508 (22.1) | 853 (21.3) | |
| T4 | 6,037 (30.4) | 4,817 (30.3) | 1,220 (30.5) | |
| TX | 3,038 (15.3) | 2,434 (15.3) | 604 (15.1) | |
| N stage (%) | 0.909 | |||
| N0 | 3,686 (18.5) | 2,936 (18.5) | 750 (18.7) | |
| N1 | 1,595 (8.0) | 1,267 (8.0) | 328 (8.2) | |
| N2 | 8,667 (43.6) | 6,941 (43.7) | 1,726 (43.1) | |
| N3 | 4,509 (22.7) | 3,605 (22.7) | 904 (22.6) | |
| NX | 1,430 (7.2) | 1,132 (7.1) | 298 (7.4) | |
| Brain metastasis (%) | 0.144 | |||
| No | 14,599 (73.4) | 11,654 (73.4) | 2,945 (73.5) | |
| Unknown | 635 (3.2) | 489 (3.1) | 146 (3.6) | |
| Yes | 4,653 (23.4) | 3,738 (23.5) | 915 (22.8) | |
| Liver metastasis (%) | 0.299 | |||
| No | 13,240 (66.6) | 10,572 (66.6) | 2,668 (66.6) | |
| Unknown | 589 (3.0) | 456 (2.9) | 133 (3.3) | |
| Yes | 6,058 (30.5) | 4,853 (30.6) | 1,205 (30.1) | |
| Lung metastasis (%) | 0.074 | |||
| No | 13,880 (69.8) | 11,143 (70.2) | 2,737 (68.3) | |
| Unknown | 901 (4.5) | 713 (4.5) | 188 (4.7) | |
| Yes | 5,106 (25.7) | 4,025 (25.3) | 1,081 (27.0) | |
| Cancer-directed surgery (%) | 0.284 | |||
| No | 19,645 (98.8) | 15,679 (98.7) | 3,966 (99.0) | |
| Unknown | 12 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | |
| Yes | 230 (1.2) | 191 (1.2) | 39 (1.0) | |
| Radiation (%) | 0.791 | |||
| None/unknown | 9,859 (49.6) | 7,881 (49.6) | 1,978 (49.4) | |
| Yes | 10,028 (50.4) | 8,000 (50.4) | 2,028 (50.6) | |
| Chemotherapy (%) | 0.311 | |||
| None/unknown | 9,035 (45.4) | 7,186 (45.2) | 1,849 (46.2) | |
| Yes | 10,852 (54.6) | 8,695 (54.8) | 2,157 (53.8) | |
| Three month mortality | 0.132 | |||
| No | 10,232 (51.5) | 8,214 (51.7) | 2,018 (50.4) | |
| Yes | 9,655 (48.5) | 7,667 (48.3) | 1,988 (49.6) |
aIndicates continuity adjusted Chi-Square; bIndicates American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander.
SD, standard deviation; NOS, not otherwise specified; T stage, tumor stage; N stage, node stage.