Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for 3 month mortality among bone metastasis patients with lung cancer in the training group.
| Characteristics | Overall | Three month mortality | P a | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | No | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| n | 15,881 | 8,214 | 7,667 | 1.66 (0.91–3.04) | 0.100 | |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 68.44 (11.06) | 66.43 (10.87) | 70.60 (10.86) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 |
| Primary site (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Main bronchus | 810 (5.1) | 393 (4.8) | 417 (5.4) | Reference | ||
| Upper lobe | 7,560 (47.6) | 4,076 (49.6) | 3,484 (45.4) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | 0.014 | |
| Middle lobe | 624 (3.9) | 352 (4.3) | 272 (3.5) | 0.77 (0.59–1.00) | 0.047 | |
| Lower lobe | 3,928 (24.7) | 2,105 (25.6) | 1,823 (23.8) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) | 0.018 | |
| Overlapping lesion | 159 (1.0) | 90 (1.1) | 69 (0.9) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) | 0.418 | |
| Lung, NOS | 2,800 (17.6) | 1,198 (14.6) | 1,602 (20.9) | 1.07 (0.87–1.30) | 0.524 | |
| Histology (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Unspecified neoplasms | 596 (3.8) | 95 (1.2) | 501 (6.5) | Reference | ||
| Epithelial neoplasms, NOS | 4,753 (29.9) | 2,337 (28.5) | 2,416 (31.5) | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.038 | |
| Squamous cell neoplasms | 1,952 (12.3) | 873 (10.6) | 1,079 (14.1) | 0.83 (0.64–1.09) | 0.180 | |
| Adenomas and adenocarcinomas | 8,126 (51.2) | 4,665 (56.8) | 3,461 (45.1) | 0.63 (0.49–0.80) | <0.001 | |
| Others | 454 (2.9) | 244 (3.0) | 210 (2.7) | 0.78 (0.56–1.08) | 0.135 | |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Black | 1,805 (11.4) | 921 (11.2) | 884 (11.5) | Reference | ||
| Othersb | 1,517 (9.6) | 933 (11.4) | 584 (7.6) | 0.82 (0.68–0.97) | 0.021 | |
| Unknown | 18 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 1.08 (0.35–3.33) | 0.892 | |
| White | 12,541 (79.0) | 6,351 (77.3) | 6,190 (80.7) | 1.20 (1.06–1.36) | 0.005 | |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 7,011 (44.1) | 3,836 (46.7) | 3,175 (41.4) | Reference | ||
| Male | 8,870 (55.9) | 4,378 (53.3) | 4,492 (58.6) | 1.34 (1.24–1.45) | <0.001 | |
| T stage (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| T0 | 130 (0.8) | 62 (0.8) | 68 (0.9) | Reference | ||
| T1 | 1,557 (9.8) | 949 (11.6) | 608 (7.9) | 0.63 (0.40–0.98) | 0.041 | |
| T2 | 3,435 (21.6) | 1,861 (22.7) | 1,574 (20.5) | 0.79 (0.51–1.22) | 0.289 | |
| T3 | 3,508 (22.1) | 1,768 (21.5) | 1,740 (22.7) | 0.88 (0.57–1.37) | 0.578 | |
| T4 | 4,817 (30.3) | 2,515 (30.6) | 2,302 (30.0) | 0.83 (0.54–1.28) | 0.407 | |
| TX | 2,434 (15.3) | 1,059 (12.9) | 1,375 (17.9) | 0.89 (0.57–1.37) | 0.584 | |
| N stage (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| N0 | 2,936 (18.5) | 1,583 (19.3) | 1,353 (17.6) | Reference | ||
| N1 | 1,267 (8.0) | 681 (8.3) | 586 (7.6) | 1.21 (1.03–1.43) | 0.024 | |
| N2 | 6,941 (43.7) | 3,553 (43.3) | 3,388 (44.2) | 1.52 (1.36–1.69) | <0.001 | |
| N3 | 3,605 (22.7) | 1,969 (24.0) | 1,636 (21.3) | 1.55 (1.37–1.76) | <0.001 | |
| NX | 1,132 (7.1) | 428 (5.2) | 704 (9.2) | 1.42 (1.18–1.71) | <0.001 | |
| Brain metastasis (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 11,654 (73.4) | 6,174 (75.2) | 5,480 (71.5) | Reference | ||
| Unknown | 489 (3.1) | 185 (2.3) | 304 (4.0) | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | 0.745 | |
| Yes | 3,738 (23.5) | 1,855 (22.6) | 1,883 (24.6) | 1.58 (1.43–1.75) | <0.001 | |
| Liver metastasis (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 10,572 (66.6) | 5,883 (71.6) | 4,689 (61.2) | Reference | ||
| Unknown | 456 (2.9) | 202 (2.5) | 254 (3.3) | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 0.669 | |
| Yes | 4,853 (30.6) | 2,129 (25.9) | 2,724 (35.5) | 1.73 (1.58–1.88) | <0.001 | |
| Lung metastasis (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 11,143 (70.2) | 5,958 (72.5) | 5,185 (67.6) | Reference | ||
| Unknown | 713 (4.5) | 330 (4.0) | 383 (5.0) | 0.83 (0.67–1.03) | 0.098 | |
| Yes | 4,025 (25.3) | 1,926 (23.4) | 2,099 (27.4) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 0.061 | |
| Cancer-directed surgery (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 15,679 (98.7) | 8,062 (98.1) | 7,617 (99.3) | Reference | ||
| Unknown | 11 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 0.32 (0.08–1.23) | 0.097 | |
| Yes | 191 (1.2) | 147 (1.8) | 44 (0.6) | 0.33 (0.22–0.50) | <0.001 | |
| Radiation (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| None/unknown | 7,881 (49.6) | 3,422 (41.7) | 4,459 (58.2) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 8,000 (50.4) | 4,792 (58.3) | 3,208 (41.8) | 0.74 (0.68–0.80) | <0.001 | |
| Chemotherapy (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| None/unknown | 7,186 (45.2) | 1,480 (18.0) | 5,706 (74.4) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 8,695 (54.8) | 6,734 (82.0) | 1,961 (25.6) | 0.08 (0.07–0.08) | <0.001 | |
aIndicates continuity adjusted Chi-Square; bIndicates American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confident interval; SD, standard deviation; NOS, not otherwise specified; T stage, tumor stage; N stage, node stage.