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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 20.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Cell Mater. 2022 Apr 5;43:130–152. doi: 10.22203/eCM.v043a11

Fig. 6. Effect of hypoxia on crosslinking.

Fig. 6.

Hypoxic environments may regulate LOX-mediated collagen crosslinking. (a) In vitro cell cultures exposed to hypoxia may upregulate LOX production via the HIF-1 pathway. (b) Promotion of LOX and LOXL increase activity of respective isoforms (LOX, LOXL1-4). (c) LOX and LOXL isoforms drive collagen maturation by catalyzing the formation of intermolecular bonds within and between collagen fibers to form HP and LP crosslinks. (d) Fibrillar collagen crosslinks catalyzed by LOX enhance tissue mechanical properties. Reprinted with permission from Makris et al. (2014).