Table 4.
Outcome characteristics for Mouse Grimace Scale (k = 18 studies) and Rat Grimace Scale (k = 29 studies).
| Study ID | Scored individual action units | Range of scores | Video/Image based evaluation |
Time of day during evaluation |
Baseline | Significant alteration of grimace scale parameters | Evaluated parameter/Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within-subject comparison | Between-subject comparison | |||||||
| Mice | ||||||||
| Akintola et al. (55) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean score |
| Cho et al. (54) | All | – | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean difference score |
| Cho et al. (54) | All but whiskers | – | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean difference score |
| Dwivedi et al. (69)+ | – | 0–3 | – | – | – | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Evangelista-Vaz et al. (56) | Orbital tightening, ear position | 0–2 | No | – | – | – | Yes | Composite behavioral score |
| Faller et al. (57) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | – | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Gallo et al. (58) | All | 0–2 | Yes | 07 a.m. to 10 a.m. | Yes | Yes | – | |
| Hsi et al. (60) | All | 0–2 | – | – | – | – | No | Mean score |
| Jirkof et al. (59) | Orbital tightening, ear position | 0–2 | – | – | – | – | Yes | Composite behavioral score |
| Jirkof et al. (61) | Orbital tightening, ear position | – | – | – | – | – | Yes | Composite behavioral score |
| Langford et al. (33) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean difference score |
| Leach et al. (25) | All but whiskers | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Mai et al. (63) | All | 0–3 | – | – | – | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Matsumiya et al. (64) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean difference score |
| Miller et al. (62) | All but whiskers | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean score |
| Redaelli et al. (67) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Roughan et al. (65) | All but whiskers | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | No | Mean score |
| Sauer et al. (68)+ | Orbital tightening, ear position | 0–2 | – | – | – | – | – | Composite behavioral score |
| Tuttle et al. (66) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean score, Mean difference score |
| Rats | ||||||||
| Akintola et al. (55) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | No | Mean score |
| Chaves et al. (71) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Chi et al. (72) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean score |
| Clemensen et al. (73) | All | 0–2 | No | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean score |
| De Rantere et al. (74) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Fujita et al. (75) | All | 0–8 | – | – | – | – | No | |
| Gao et al. (76) | – | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Guo and Hu (77) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Harikrishnan et al. (78) | All | – | Yes | 09 a.m. to 3 p.m. | Yes | – | Yes | Mean difference score |
| Jeger et al. (94)+ | All | 0–2 | – | – | – | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Kawano et al. (80) | All | 0–2 | – | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean score |
| Kawano et al. (79) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Kawano et al. (93)+ | – | 0–2 | – | – | – | – | No | Mean score |
| Klune et al. (24) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Korat et al. (81) | – | 0–4 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Korat and Kapupara (70) | – | 0–3 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Total score |
| Koyama et al. (82) | – | 0–2 | – | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean score |
| Locatelli et al. (95)+ | – | – | – | – | – | – | No | Mean score |
| Nunamaker et al. (83) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Oliver et al. (84) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | Mean score |
| Philips et al. (85) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Prefontaine et al. (91) | All | 0–1 | Yes | – | – | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Saine et al. (86) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean score |
| Schneider et al. (92)+ | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Sotocinal et al. (34) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Thomas et al. (87) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Waite et al. (88) | All | – | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Mean difference score |
| Yamanaka et al. (89) | All | 0–2 | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Mean score |
| Yousef et al. (90) | All | 0–2 | – | – | – | – | – | Mean score |
–not reported. Alphabetical characters in the Study ID indicate animal groups within individual studies [first column of the tables; e.g., Cho et al. (54)]. +References were identified during screening of reference lists.