Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of male and female students stratified by level of gender-role conformity.
| Characteristics | Male | Value of p | Female | Value of p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 14,316 | N = 28,176 | |||||
| Low gender-role conformity (androgyny) | High gender-role conformity | Low gender-role conformity (androgyny) | High gender-role conformity | |||
| N = 6,262 | N = 8,054 | N = 10,782 | N = 17,394 | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age (in years)*, mean ± standard deviation (SD) | 19.70 ± 1.50 | 19.81 ± 1.50 | <0.0001 | 19.69 ± 1.53 | 19.82 ± 1.52 | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity | 0.728 | 0.619 | ||||
| Han | 5,735 (91.58) | 7,363 (91.42) | 9,708 (90.04) | 15,693 (90.22) | ||
| Minority | 527 (8.42) | 691 (8.58) | 1,074 (9.96) | 1,701 (9.78) | ||
| Hometown region | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Rural | 1,573 (25.12) | 1,701 (21.12) | 2,809 (26.05) | 3,841 (22.08) | ||
| Urban/suburban | 4,689 (74.88) | 6,353 (78.88) | 7,973 (73.95) | 13,553 (77.92) | ||
| School type | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| College | 2,504 (39.99) | 2,871 (35.65) | 3,463 (32.12) | 4,892 (28.12) | ||
| University | 3,758 (60.01) | 5,183 (64.35) | 7,319 (67.88) | 12,502 (71.88) | ||
| Average monthly expenditure (RMB) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0–999 | 1,020 (16.29) | 1,012 (12.57) | 1,860 (17.25) | 2,681 (15.41) | ||
| 1,000–1,999 | 3,757 (60.00) | 4,714 (58.53) | 6,335 (58.76) | 10,209 (58.69) | ||
| ≥2,000 | 1,485 (23.71) | 2,328 (28.90) | 2,587 (23.99) | 4,504 (25.89) | ||
| Ever received sexual education at school | 3,155 (50.38) | 4,419 (54.87) | <0.0001 | 6,266 (58.12) | 10.597 (60.92) | <0.0001 |
| Self-rated parent–child relationship score (0–10)*, mean ± SD | ||||||
| Paternal | 7.32 ± 2.17 | 8.01 ± 2.11 | <0.0001 | 6.86 ± 2.39 | 7.39 ± 2.23 | <0.0001 |
| Maternal | 7.83 ± 2.00 | 8.49 ± 1.76 | <0.0001 | 7.47 ± 2.17 | 7.99 ± 1.92 | <0.0001 |
| Parental highest educational attainment | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Primary school and below | 834 (13.32) | 886 (11.00) | 1,486 (13.78) | 2,128 (12.23) | ||
| Middle school | 2,461 (39.30) | 2,904 (36.06) | 4,342 (40.27) | 6,697 (38.50) | ||
| High school | 1,593 (25.44) | 2,219 (27.55) | 2,715 (25.18) | 4,619 (26.56) | ||
| College and above | 1,374 (21.94) | 2,045 (25.39) | 2,239 (20.77) | 3,950 (22.71) | ||
| Parent–child discussion relevant to sexual behaviors | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Never | 4,826 (77.07) | 5,886 (73.08) | 7,872 (73.01) | 12,042 (69.23) | ||
| Ever | 1,436 (22.93) | 2,168 (26.92) | 2,910 (26.99) | 5,352 (30.77) | ||
| Tobacco use | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Ever | 1,447 (23.11) | 2,193 (27.23) | 750 (6.96) | 945 (5.43) | ||
| Never | 4,815 (76.89) | 5,816 (72.77) | 10,032 (93.04) | 16,449 (94.57) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Ever | 3,212 (51.29) | 4,630 (57.49) | 3,216 (29.83) | 4,820 (27.71) | ||
| Never | 3,050 (48.71) | 3,424 (42.51) | 7,566 (70.17) | 12,574 (72.29) | ||
| Self-rated masculinity/femininity score (1–7)*, mean ± SD | 4.35 ± 0.94 | 6.49 ± 0.50 | <0.0001 | 3.28 ± 0.82 | 5.73 ± 0.78 | <0.0001 |
*
Uses t-test; others use χ2 analyses. SD, standard deviation.