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. 2022 Oct 6;9:1012731. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1012731

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Copyright © 2022 Jingquan, Deyong, Huimin, Hua, Xuebin, Chenyang, Yan, Xuebin, Min, Zulu, Yumei, Jinlin, Wei, Xiaochun, Daxin, Yun, Changsheng, Zei and Di Biase.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multi-angle left atrial appendage measurement. From the top to bottom: schematic diagrams for atrial appendage assessment, X-ray images, ultrasound images and 3D electroanatomical diagrams from X axis, Y axis, and Z axis. The projection position of the X-ray is AP. The first column shows the schematic diagrams, the second column shows the effect of X-ray, the third column shows the images of ICE, and the fourth column shows the images of 3D mapping system. LAA, left atrial appendage; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; LA, left atrium; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; LCX, left circumflex artery; Ant., anterior; Sup., superior; R, right; L, left; MA, mitral annulus; RPV, right pulmonary vein.