Supplementary Table 2.
Drugs that can cause behavioral change.(8-11)
| Drug | Effect | Type of effect |
|---|---|---|
| Commonly prescribed drugs | ||
| Corticosteroids | Affective symptoms (depressive, mood lability, mania), insomnia, psychosis | Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR), withdrawal |
| NSAIDs | Anxiety, agitation, hallucinations, psychosis, sleep disorders, fatigue | ADR |
| Antihistamines | Sedation, agitation, psychosis Paranoia, hallucinations, confusion, agitation, drowsiness | ADR Overdose |
| Montelukast | Nightmares, depression, agitation | ADR |
| Cardiovascular drugs | ||
| Calcium channel blockers | Lethargy, mania, psychosis | ADR |
| Beta blockers | Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, psychosis | ADR |
| Psychiatric drugs | ||
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | Insomnia, irritability, suicidality | ADR |
| Benzodiazepines | Sedation, disinhibition | Abuse |
| Centrally acting drugs | ||
| Anti-epileptics | A variety of psychiatric manifestations: somnolence, psychosis, agitation and irritability, sleep disturbance, depression | ADR |
| Opioids | Sedation, psychosis, euphoria,addiction and dependence, confusion | ADR Abuse |
| Sympathomimetics e.g. Phentermine | Agitation, depression, suicidality | ADR Abuse |
| Dopamine agonists (drugs for Parkinson’s disease) | Delirium, visual hallucinations, impulsivity such as hypersexuality, impulse buying, gambling | ADR |
| Anti-infective agents | ||
| Anti-retrovirals | Depression, irritability, agitation, sleep disturbances | ADR |
| Mefloquine | Nightmares, vivid dreams, psychosis, panic attack | ADR |
| Penicillins | Irritability, encephalopathy, anxiety, hallucinations | ADR |
| Other antibiotics (quinolones, tetracyclines, bactrim) | Hallucinations, mood disorders | ADR |
| Ketoconazole, griseofulvin | Depression, psychosis | ADR |
|
| ||
| Isotretinoin | Suicidality, depression, psychosis | ADR |
|
| ||
| Illicit substances Amphetamines Cocaine Hallucinogens Ketamine Glue sniffing |
Hallucinations, euphoria, psychosis, paranoia, impaired judgment, hypervigilance Abuse Depression, lethargy | Abuse Withdrawal |
It is useful to ask about recent initiation, cessation or titration of doses of medications. Initiation of other drugs may precipitate drug-drug interactions. The above list is non-exhaustive.