Table 2. Mixed effects regression models for the perceived negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (standardized regression coefficients and p-values).
| Dimensions of perceived negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical | Cognitive | Emotional | Partnership | Social contacts | Finances | Housing | Mobility | Future | ||||||||||
| ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | ß | p | |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | 0.33 | .000 | 0.16 | .065 | -0.02 | .808 | -0.07 | .436 | 0.00 | .967 | 0.04 | .675 | -0.14 | .070 | 0.20 | .042 | 0.03 | .973 |
| Male sex | 0.03 | .538 | -0.06 | .194 | -0.05 | .311 | 0.04 | .355 | 0.10 | .035 | -0.03 | .560 | 0.02 | .543 | 0.01 | .746 | -0.00 | .913 |
| Age | 0.00 | .100 | -0.00 | .860 | -0.00 | .363 | 0.00 | .738 | 0.00 | .011 | -0.00 | .691 | 0.00 | .839 | 0.01 | .000 | 0.00 | .004 |
| Partner | -0.00 | .937 | 0.00 | .961 | 0.01 | .888 | -0.04 | .414 | 0.04 | .429 | 0.07 | .163 | -0.10 | .006 | -0.06 | .236 | -0.00 | .965 |
| Higher education | 0.07 | .081 | 0.08 | .027 | 0.02 | .586 | 0.02 | .618 | 0.11 | .013 | 0.08 | .064 | 0.06 | .075 | 0.18 | .000 | 0.08 | .064 |
| Income | 0.01 | .639 | 0.02 | .228 | -0.04 | .009 | -0.01 | .628 | 0.01 | .448 | -0.04 | .009 | 0.00 | .586 | 0.02 | .136 | 0.01 | .700 |
| Employed | 0.01 | .759 | 0.05 | .156 | 0.05 | .280 | 0.00 | .971 | 0.05 | .305 | -0.05 | .207 | 0.06 | .059 | 0.05 | .248 | -0.10 | .015 |
| ICD-10 F3 | reference | |||||||||||||||||
| ICD-10 F2 | -0.12 | .095 | -0.12 | .062 | -0.30 | .000 | -0.22 | .004 | -0.30 | .000 | -0.26 | .001 | -0.10 | .090 | -0.18 | .018 | -0.23 | .003 |
| ICD-10 F4 | -0.02 | .754 | -0.01 | .854 | -0.00 | .997 | 0.01 | .783 | -0.05 | .372 | -0.09 | .118 | 0.03 | .442 | 0.05 | .329 | 0.02 | .767 |
| ICD-10 F6 | -0.12 | .178 | -0.10 | .191 | -0.31 | .001 | -0.03 | .693 | -0.07 | .475 | -0.17 | .061 | 0.03 | .651 | -0.13 | .144 | 0.13 | .156 |
| ICD-10 other | -0.35 | .012 | -0.32 | .011 | 0.08 | .598 | 0.12 | .396 | -0.26 | .093 | 0.19 | .198 | 0.06 | .601 | -0.25 | .091 | 0.10 | .480 |
| Time | 0.76 | .008 | 0.43 | .079 | 0.76 | .006 | 0.35 | .205 | 0.33 | .270 | 0.08 | .770 | 0.03 | .891 | 0.43 | .126 | 0.63 | .027 |
| EPAS total | -0.11 | .038 | -0.21 | .000 | -0.28 | .000 | -0.11 | .023 | -0.25 | .000 | -0.02 | .764 | -0.09 | .034 | -0.09 | .079 | -0.32 | .000 |
| Time*EPAS | -0.18 | .009 | -0.12 | .045 | -0.21 | .002 | -0.05 | .491 | -0.08 | .276 | 0.01 | .162 | -0.04 | .532 | -0.10 | .143 | -0.17 | .015 |
| HoNOS total | 0.02 | .001 | 0.01 | .077 | 0.01 | .013 | 0.01 | .044 | 0.00 | .900 | 0.01 | .162 | 0.01 | .012 | 0.01 | .076 | 0.01 | .006 |
| Time*HoNOS | -0.00 | .566 | 0.00 | .936 | 0.01 | .301 | -0.01 | .089 | -0.00 | .680 | 0.00 | .734 | 0.01 | .244 | -0.01 | .268 | 0.01 | .393 |
| constant | 2.76 | .000 | 2.24 | .000 | 1.55 | .000 | 2.56 | .000 | 1.69 | .000 | 2.27 | .000 | 2.87 | .000 | 2.64 | .000 | 1.84 | .000 |
| n | 900 | 898 | 900 | 885 | 900 | 894 | 895 | 898 | 901 | |||||||||
ß = standardized regression coefficient; EPAS total = Perceived Empowerment; HoNOS = Health of the Nations Outcome Scale.