Table 1.

PICOS framework.

Criteria	Determinants
Population	Patients in both public and private sector hospitals.
Intervention	Evidence of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in hospitals in private and public sectors.
Context	Antimicrobial/antibiotic stewardship in sub-Saharan Africa.
Outcomes	Challenges, advantages, benefits of active implementation of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in enhancing the quality of patient care and promoting judicious use of antimicrobials/Antibiotics.
Study setting	Sub-Saharan Africa.