Table 1. Summary of Key Findings for Economic and Humanistic Outcomes Compared With Healthy Controls.
| POMS Patient Outcomes Reported by ≥2 Studies | POMS Patient Outcomes Compared With Healthy Controls |
|---|---|
| Select economic outcomes | |
| Inpatient admissions/hospitalizations | |
| 1.2-6.0 mean hospital admissions per patient over a 10-year period16,17 | Admissions RR 4.27 (2.92-6.25)18 Admissions OR 15.2 (12.0-19.1)19 16.5% vs 2.0% hospitalized19 19.4% vs 0.0% hospitalized20 |
| Other utilization | |
| 7-13 physician visits over an unspecified follow-up period20,21 | Primary care visits RR 1.41 (1.29-1.54), hospital visits RR 10.74 (8.95-12.90)18 |
| Healthcare costsa | |
| 58%-67% private insurance22,23 | NR |
| Select humanistic outcomes | |
| Quality of lifeb | |
| 63.35-72.04 mean score on emotional component of PedsQLTM 4.024–27 58.15-66.88 mean score on school component of PedsQLTM 4.024,26,28 79.60-88.73 mean score on social component of PedsQLTM 4.024–27 |
74.62-82.75 vs 89.90 mean score on physical health component of PedsQLTM 4.020,24–30 71.59-79.70 vs 79.57 mean score on psychosocial summary score of PedsQLTM 4.020,24–30 |
| Fatigue | |
| 23%-61.1% self-reported fatigue31,32 | 63.15 vs 74.20-77.64 mean score on self-reported general fatigue scale27,28,33–35 19.8% vs 2.9% self-reported severe fatigue27 27.1-30.6 mean FSSc vs 21.5 median FSS36–38 43.8% vs 0.0% reported chronic fatigue39 32.52 vs 23.10 mean scores on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale40 |
| Otherd | |
| NR | 43.4 vs 67.5 mean exercise min/wk on GLTEQ41 36.00 vs 65.00 median exercise min/wk on GLTEQ42 |
Abbreviations: FSS, Fatigue Severity Scale; GLTEQ, Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, NR, not reported; OR, odds ratio; RR, rate ratio.
The left column reports outcomes when ≥2 studies presented that outcome (allowing us to present a range). The right column presents outcomes compared with healthy controls. Definition of healthy controls varied by study (eg, healthy matched controls, age- and sex-matched healthy controls).
aOther than patient insurance type, no 2 studies reported on the same healthcare costs and therefore no ranges can be presented. No studies compared costs with healthy controls.
bOverall, higher mean scores (out of 100) indicate better health-related QOL, although no standard categories exist27 Outside the MS literature, Beverung et al34 classified a score of 81 to 100 as “better quality of life” and below 60 as “impaired quality of life.”
cNo standard categories exist for the FSS. Higher scores represent greater fatigue severity.
dNo 2 studies reported on the same other humanistic outcomes and therefore no ranges can be presented.