Fig. 2.

PRISMA flow chart (study selection methodology). Some publications contained multiple participant pools. In these instances, the individual participant pools were termed ‘studies’. Some studies investigated the influence of more than one sleep-loss protocol (i.e., deprivation, early or late restriction). In these instances, the separate study arms were treated as individual investigations, and termed ‘trials’. Each individual task from a given trial was termed ‘outcome measure’. ESM Table S1 provides the original search breakdown; ESM Table S2 provides the origin of included publications; and ESM Table S3 provides the reference and reason for exclusion of full-text publications. HIIE high-intensity interval exercise, ESM electronic supplementary material