Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Oct 21;30(12):1745–1758.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

PMC Copyright notice

Antigenic maps made with neutralization titers from single-antigen exposure sera demonstrate that BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5 are most antigenically distinct from other major variants

(A–D) Antigenic maps were made using antigenic cartography with titers for (A) sera collected after convalescent primary infection with distinct variants and sera from uninfected individuals who received (C) two doses or (D) three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Each grid-square side corresponds to a 2-fold dilution in the pseudovirus neutralization assay. Antigenic distance is measured in any direction on the grid. Antigens are shown as circles and labeled. Sera are shown as squares and are colored by infecting variant. (B) Substitutions in the spike and receptor binding domains for all variants used in this study.

(E) Fold difference in neutralization with 95% confidence intervals from the ancestral strain to each other variant on each map. For example, a fold difference of four corresponds to two grid squares on the antigenic map.