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. 2022 Oct 21;161:106129. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106129

Table A2.

Summary statistics of explanatory variables.

Variables 2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev.
Male (male = 1, female = 0) 0.518 0.500 0.516 0.500 0.519 0.500 0.522 0.500 0.532 0.499 0.530 0.499
Age 40.11 13.52 40.55 13.51 40.31 13.54 40.62 13.43 39.82 13.12 40.28 12.93
Less than primary education 0.140 0.347 0.132 0.339 0.139 0.426 0.135 0.342 0.148 0.355 0.113 0.317
Primary education 0.233 0.423 0.230 0.421 0.226 0.418 0.221 0.415 0.212 0.409 0.213 0.409
Lower-secondary education 0.313 0.464 0.315 0.465 0.309 0.462 0.311 0.463 0.292 0.455 0.305 0.460
Upper-secondary education 0.198 0.398 0.201 0.401 0.203 0.402 0.204 0.403 0.201 0.401 0.216 0.412
Post-secondary education 0.116 0.320 0.121 0.326 0.124 0.153 0.128 0.334 0.147 0.354 0.153 0.360
Urban area (urban = 1, rural = 0) 0.318 0.466 0.319 0.466 0.322 0.467 0.326 0.469 0.331 0.471 0.337 0.473
Number of observations 465,570 467,931 471,974 468,156 445,595 440,129

Source: authors’ estimations from the LFSs.