Table A3.
OLS regressions of employment variables on the first quarter and the COVID year.
| Explanatory variables | Dependent variables |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployed (yes = 1, no = 0) | Temporary layoff (yes = 1, no = 0) | Having a wage job (yes = 1, no = 0) | Having job with contract (yes = 1, no = 0) | Having a formal job (yes = 1, no = 0) | Log of number of working hours in the last 7 days | Log of monthly wage (wage workers) | Having wage below minimum wages (yes = 1, no = 0) | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
| Quarter 1 * Years 2019–2020 | 0.0009 | −0.0002* | −0.0034 | 0.0036 | 0.0022 | −0.0213 | −0.0002 | −0.0184 |
| (0.0030) | (0.0001) | (0.0113) | (0.0133) | (0.0138) | (0.0370) | (0.0494) | (0.0118) | |
| Quarter 1 | 0.0071** | 0.0008*** | −0.0084 | −0.0054 | −0.0027 | −0.0939** | 0.0544 | 0.0230* |
| (0.0030) | (0.0001) | (0.0107) | (0.0129) | (0.0134) | (0.0368) | (0.0491) | (0.0116) | |
| Years 2019–2020 | −0.0033 | −0.0001 | 0.0344*** | 0.0051 | 0.0073 | 0.0003 | 0.1262*** | −0.0231*** |
| (0.0018) | (0.0000) | (0.0081) | (0.0089) | (0.0096) | (0.0045) | (0.0350) | (0.0058) | |
| Male (male = 1, female = 0) | 0.0012 | 0.0006*** | 0.0939*** | −0.0312*** | −0.0393*** | 0.0709*** | 0.1735*** | −0.0471*** |
| (0.0010) | (0.0001) | (0.0047) | (0.0045) | (0.0043) | (0.0044) | (0.0057) | (0.0047) | |
| Age | −0.0055*** | 0.0000 | −0.0015* | 0.0001 | 0.0039*** | 0.0223*** | 0.0597*** | −0.0200*** |
| (0.0004) | (0.0000) | (0.0007) | (0.0006) | (0.0006) | (0.0017) | (0.0016) | (0.0015) | |
| Age squared | 0.0001*** | −0.0000 | −0.0001*** | −0.0001*** | −0.0001*** | −0.0003*** | −0.0008*** | 0.0003*** |
| (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | |
| Less than primary education | Reference | |||||||
| Primary education | −0.0001 | 0.0001 | −0.1190** | −0.1172* | −0.1129* | 0.0151* | −0.0866 | −0.0052 |
| (0.0023) | (0.0002) | (0.0391) | (0.0585) | (0.0579) | (0.0076) | (0.0612) | (0.0105) | |
| Lower-secondary education | −0.0001 | 0.0001 | −0.1325** | −0.0881 | −0.0899 | 0.0226** | −0.0387 | −0.0198 |
| (0.0025) | (0.0002) | (0.0438) | (0.0655) | (0.0650) | (0.0089) | (0.0658) | (0.0109) | |
| Upper-secondary education | 0.0034 | −0.0003 | −0.0527 | 0.0772 | 0.0611 | 0.0520*** | 0.0289 | −0.0306** |
| (0.0029) | (0.0002) | (0.0465) | (0.0711) | (0.0706) | (0.0096) | (0.0683) | (0.0117) | |
| Post-secondary education | 0.0153 | −0.0008** | 0.1895** | 0.4342*** | 0.4350*** | 0.0241* | 0.2768*** | −0.0580*** |
| (0.0093) | (0.0003) | (0.0773) | (0.1001) | (0.0973) | (0.0128) | (0.0700) | (0.0149) | |
| Urban (urban = 1, rural = 0) | 0.0086*** | 0.0006** | 0.0522*** | 0.0507*** | 0.0462** | 0.0672*** | 0.0575*** | −0.0020 |
| (0.0013) | (0.0002) | (0.0126) | (0.0156) | (0.0151) | (0.0060) | (0.0113) | (0.0026) | |
| District fixed-effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 0.1376*** | −0.0003 | 0.6695*** | 0.3747*** | 0.2538*** | 3.3063*** | 7.3669*** | 0.4453*** |
| (0.0096) | (0.0003) | (0.0491) | (0.0739) | (0.0729) | (0.0257) | (0.0852) | (0.0344) | |
| Observations | 1,153,759 | 1,154,065 | 1,154,065 | 1,154,065 | 1,154,065 | 1,122,414 | 476,580 | 476,580 |
| R-squared | 0.032 | 0.003 | 0.244 | 0.330 | 0.325 | 0.208 | 0.340 | 0.094 |
| Note: This table examines whether there is a significant effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment in the first quarter of 2020. The effects is estimated by the interaction between the first quarter and the 2020 year.Robust standard errors in parentheses (corrected for sampling weight and clustered at the district level and year-by-quarter level) . *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. | ||||||||